Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, also known as volcanic-hosted massive sulfide, volcanic-associated massive sulfide, or seafloor massive sulfide deposits, are important sources of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, and Ag). The
Shanks, W.C. Pat III,Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov,Mosier, Dan L.,et al. Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model: Chapter C in <i>Mineral deposit models for resource assessment</i>. 2012-01-01.