The U.S. Geological Survey is studying approaches to characterize the thermal regulation of water and the dynamics of cold water refugia. High temperatures have physiological impacts on anadromous fish species. Factors affecting the presence, variability,
Forney, William M.,Soulard, Christopher E. csoulard@usgs.gov,Chickadel, C. Christopher. Salmonids, stream temperatures, and solar loading--modeling the shade provided to the Klamath River by vegetation and geomorphology. 2013-01-01.