| 英文摘要: | Reducing emissions from forests is a key goal of international climate efforts. New research shows how ethnographic approaches can provide better outcomes for people and forests in Asia Pacific. Forest loss and the associated degradation of peatland is estimated to contribute 12–20% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions — the second largest source of emissions after fossil-fuel combustion1. The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism, a key focus of global climate negotiations, aims to financially reward forest stakeholders who improve their carbon management. A recent special issue of Asia Pacific Viewpoint provides a much needed update on how REDD+ is unfolding in the region. Written largely by geographers, anthropologists and political ecologists, the issue provides insights from Indonesia, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands, from the perspectives of those most affected. The collection builds on recent contributions to global change research from social scientists2, 3 by adopting grounded ethnographic approaches to explore the social, political and economic dynamics shaping success and failure. The research shows how REDD+ initiatives differ across scale and space, and are transformed by the contexts in which they are implemented. Dixon and Challies4, for example, argue that REDD+ finance differs enormously depending on the motivations of the investors. Some seek a quick profit through the sale of REDD+ carbon credits while others commit to a broader range of outcomes motivated by principles of corporate social responsibility. The style of finance creates different types of opportunities and constraints for forest stakeholders.
ROBIN_KAY / ISTOCK / THINKSTOCK
Emissions reduction goals are an increasingly marginal motivation for communities to preserve forests. To reduce forest emissions global programs must empower local interests.
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Affiliations
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Andrew McGregor is in the Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia, and School of Geography, Environment and Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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