DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0782.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84993978173
论文题名: Investigation of the residual in column-integrated atmospheric energy balance using cloud objects
作者: Kato S. ; Xu K.-M. ; Wong T. ; Loeb N.G. ; Rose F.G. ; Trenberth K.E. ; Thorsen T.J.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2016
卷: 29, 期: 20 起始页码: 7435
结束页码: 7452
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric thermodynamics
; Budget control
; Climatology
; Clouds
; Energy balance
; Heat flux
; Kinetic energy
; Kinetics
; Tropics
; Clouds and the Earth's radiant energy systems
; Deep convective clouds
; Energy budget/balance
; Global precipitation climatology projects
; Precipitation rates
; Shallow cumulus clouds
; Temporal correlations
; Tropical Western Pacific
; Precipitation (meteorology)
; climatology
; convective cloud
; cumulus
; energy balance
; precipitation (climatology)
; Pacific Ocean
; Pacific Ocean (Tropical)
英文摘要: Observationally based atmospheric energy balance is analyzed using Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)-derived TOA and surface irradiance, Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP)-derived precipitation, dry static and kinetic energy tendency and divergence estimated from ERA-Interim, and surface sensible heat flux from SeaFlux. The residual tends to be negative over the tropics and positive over midlatitudes. A negative residual implies that the precipitation rate is too small, divergence is too large, or radiative cooling is too large. The residual of atmospheric energy is spatially and temporally correlated with cloud objects to identify cloud types associated with the residual. Spatially, shallow cumulus, cirrostratus, and deep convective cloud-object occurrence are positively correlated with the absolute value of the residual. The temporal correlation coefficient between the number of deep convective cloud objects and individual energy components, net atmospheric irradiance, precipitation rate, and the sum of dry static and kinetic energy divergence and their tendency over the western Pacific are 0.84, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. However, when all energy components are added, the atmospheric energy residual over the tropical Pacific is temporally correlated well with the number of shallow cumulus cloud objects over tropical Pacific. Because shallow cumulus alters not enough atmospheric energy compared to the residual, this suggests the following: 1) if retrieval errors associated with deep convective clouds are causing the column-integrated atmospheric energy residual, the errors vary among individual deep convective clouds, and 2) it is possible that the residual is associated with processes in which shallow cumulus clouds affect deep convective clouds and hence atmospheric energy budget over the tropical western Pacific. © 2016 American Meteorological Society. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/50175
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; NASA Postdoctoral Program, Hampton, VA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Kato S.,Xu K.-M.,Wong T.,et al. Investigation of the residual in column-integrated atmospheric energy balance using cloud objects[J]. Journal of Climate,2016-01-01,29(20)