| DOI: | 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00759.1
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| Scopus记录号: | 2-s2.0-84905160389
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| 论文题名: | Robust ENSO across a wide range of climates |
| 作者: | Manucharyan G.E.; Fedorov A.V.
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| 刊名: | Journal of Climate
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| ISSN: | 8948755
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| 出版年: | 2014
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| 卷: | 27, 期:15 | | 起始页码: | 5836
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| 结束页码: | 5850
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| 语种: | 英语
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| Scopus关键词: | Atmospheric pressure
; Atmospheric temperature
; Feedback
; Oceanography
; Thermal gradients
; Tropics
; Climate variability
; ENSO
; Equatorial Pacific
; Heat budgets/fluxes
; Stability indices
; Surface temperature gradient
; Tropical climates
; Walker circulation
; Climatology
; climate feedback
; climate variation
; climatology
; El Nino-Southern Oscillation
; heat budget
; heat flux
; paleoclimate
; Pliocene
; surface temperature
; temperature gradient
; Walker circulation
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| 英文摘要: | El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a pronounced mode of climate variability that originates in the tropical Pacific and affects weather patterns worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that despite extensive changes in tropical climate, ENSO was active over vast geological epochs stretching millions of years from the late Cretaceous to the Holocene. In particular, ENSO persisted during the Pliocene, when a dramatic reduction occurred in the mean east-west temperature gradient in the equatorial Pacific. The mechanisms for sustained ENSO in such climates are poorly understood. Here a comprehensive climate model is used to simulate ENSO for a broad range of tropical Pacific mean climates characterized by different climatological SST gradients. It is found that the simulated ENSO remains surprisingly robust: when the east-west gradient is reduced from 6° to 1°C, the amplitude of ENSO decreases only by 30%-40%, its dominant period remains close to 3-4 yr, and the spectral peak stays above red noise. To explain these results, the magnitude of ocean-atmosphere feedbacks that control the stability of the natural mode of ENSO (the Bjerknes stability index) is evaluated. It is found that as a result of reorganization of the atmospheric Walker circulation in response to changes in the mean surface temperature gradient, the growth/decay rates of the ENSO mode stay nearly constant throughout different climates. These results explain the persistence of ENSO in the past and, in particular, reconcile the seemingly contradictory findings of ENSO occurrence and the small mean east-west temperature gradient during the Pliocene. © 2014 American Meteorological Society. |
| 资助项目: | NSF, National Science Foundation
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| Citation statistics: |
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/51033
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| Appears in Collections: | 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: | Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Manucharyan G.E.,Fedorov A.V.. Robust ENSO across a wide range of climates[J]. Journal of Climate,2014-01-01,27(15)
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