DOI: | 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00649.1
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Scopus记录号: | 2-s2.0-84880775527
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论文题名: | How many enso flavors can we distinguish? |
作者: | Johnson N.C.
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刊名: | Journal of Climate
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ISSN: | 8948755
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出版年: | 2013
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卷: | 26, 期:13 | 起始页码: | 4816
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结束页码: | 4827
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语种: | 英语
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Scopus关键词: | Climate variability
; Distinguishability
; Eastern pacific
; Long-term trend
; Network-based
; Positive frequencies
; SST anomalies
; Western Pacific Warm Pool
; Atmospheric pressure
; Cluster analysis
; Conformal mapping
; Salinity measurement
; Climate change
; artificial neural network
; climate variation
; cluster analysis
; El Nino-Southern Oscillation
; La Nina
; sea surface temperature
; self organization
; temperature anomaly
; Pacific Ocean
; Pacific Ocean (Central)
; Pacific Ocean (East)
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英文摘要: | It is now widely recognized that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurs in more than one form, with the canonical eastern Pacific (EP) and more recently recognized central Pacific (CP) ENSO types receiving the most focus. Given that these various ENSO "flavors" may contribute to climate variability and long-term trends in unique ways, and that ENSO variability is not limited to these two types, this study presents a framework that treats ENSO as a continuum but determines a finite maximum number of statistically distinguishable representative ENSOpatterns. Aneural network-based cluster analysis called self-organizing map (SOM) analysis paired with a statistical distinguishability test determines nine unique patterns that characterize the September-February tropical Pacific SST anomaly fields for the period from 1950 through 2011. These nine patterns represent the flavors of ENSO, which include EP, CP, and mixed ENSO patterns. Over the 1950-2011 period, the most significant trends reflect changes in La Niña patterns, with a shift in dominance of La Niña-like patterns with weak or negative western Pacific warm pool SST anomalies until the mid-1970s, followed by a dominance of La Niña-like patterns with positive western Pacific warm pool SST anomalies, particularly after the mid-1990s. Both an EP and especially a CP El Niño pattern experienced positive frequency trends, but these trends are indistinguishable fromnatural variability. Overall, changes in frequencywithin the ENSO continuum contributed to the pattern of tropical Pacific warming, particularly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and especially in relation to changes of La Niña-like rather than El Niño-like patterns.©2013 American Meteorological Society. |
Citation statistics: |
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资源类型: | 期刊论文
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标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/51769
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Appears in Collections: | 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: | International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Recommended Citation: |
Johnson N.C.. How many enso flavors can we distinguish?[J]. Journal of Climate,2013-01-01,26(13)
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