DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00262.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84859368731
论文题名: The global character of the flux of downward longwave radiation
作者: Stephens G.L. ; Wild M. ; Stackhouse Jr. P.W. ; L'Ecuyer T. ; Kato S. ; Henderson D.S.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2012
卷: 25, 期: 7 起始页码: 2329
结束页码: 2340
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: All-sky
; Annual mean
; Climate data
; Cloud base
; Cloud effects
; CloudSat
; Down-welling
; Energy budget/balance
; Energy transport
; Global climate model
; Global clouds
; Hydrologic cycles
; Long waves
; Long-wave radiation
; Maximum sensitivity
; Planetary atmosphere
; Radiation models
; Radiative effects
; Radiative fluxes
; Reanalysis
; Top of atmospheres
; Climatology
; Energy balance
; Interfacial energy
; Surface chemistry
; Estimation
; aerosol
; climate modeling
; climatology
; cloud
; downwelling
; global climate
; longwave radiation
; planetary atmosphere
; sensitivity analysis
; uncertainty analysis
; water vapor
英文摘要: Four different types of estimates of the surface downwelling longwave radiative flux (DLR) are reviewed. One group of estimates synthesizes global cloud, aerosol, and other information in a radiation model that is used to calculate fluxes. Because these synthesis fluxes have been assessed against observations, the globalmean values of these fluxes are deemed to be the most credible of the four different categories reviewed. The global, annual mean DLR lies between approximately 344 and 350 W m -2 with an error of approximately 610 W m -2 that arises mostly from the uncertainty in atmospheric state that governs the estimation of the clear-sky emission. The authors conclude that the DLR derived from global climate models are biased low by approximately 10 W m -2 and even larger differences are found with respect to reanalysis climate data. The DLR inferred from a surface energy balance closure is also substantially smaller that the range found from synthesis products suggesting that current depictions of surface energy balance also require revision. The effect of clouds on the DLR, largely facilitated by the new cloud base information from the CloudSat radar, is estimated to lie in the range from 24 to 34 W m -2 for the global cloud radiative effect (all-sky minus clear-sky DLR). This effect is strongly modulated by the underlying water vapor that gives rise to a maximum sensitivity of the DLR to cloud occurring in the colder drier regions of the planet. The bottom of atmosphere (BOA) cloud effect directly contrast the effect of clouds on the top of atmosphere (TOA) fluxes that is maximum in regions of deepest and coldest clouds in the moist tropics. © 2012 American Meteorological Society. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/52478
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Stephens G.L.,Wild M.,Stackhouse Jr. P.W.,et al. The global character of the flux of downward longwave radiation[J]. Journal of Climate,2012-01-01,25(7)