DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3411-1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84992417412
论文题名: WES feedback and the Atlantic Meridional Mode: observations and CMIP5 comparisons
作者: Amaya D.J. ; DeFlorio M.J. ; Miller A.J. ; Xie S.-P.
刊名: Climate Dynamics
ISSN: 9307575
出版年: 2017
卷: 49, 期: 2017-05-06 起始页码: 1665
结束页码: 1679
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air-sea interactions
; Atlantic Meridional Mode
; CMIP5
; Maximum covariance analysis
; WES feedback
英文摘要: The Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) is the dominant mode of tropical SST/wind coupled variability. Modeling studies have implicated wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback as the primary driver of the AMM’s evolution across the Atlantic basin; however, a robust coupling of the SST and winds has not been shown in observations. This study examines observed AMM growth, propagation, and decay as a result of WES interactions. Investigation of an extended maximum covariance analysis shows that boreal wintertime atmospheric forcing generates positive SST anomalies (SSTA) through a reduction of surface evaporative cooling. When the AMM peaks in magnitude during spring and summer, upward latent heat flux anomalies occur over the warmest SSTs and act to dampen the initial forcing. In contrast, on the southwestern edge of the SSTA, SST-forced cross-equatorial flow reduces the strength of the climatological trade winds and provides an anomalous latent heat flux into the ocean, which causes southwestward propagation of the initial atmosphere-forced SSTA through WES dynamics. Additionally, the lead-lag relationship of the ocean and atmosphere indicates a transition from an atmosphere-forcing-ocean regime in the northern subtropics to a highly coupled regime in the northern tropics that is not observed in the southern hemisphere. CMIP5 models poorly simulate the latitudinal transition from a one-way interaction to a two-way feedback, which may explain why they also struggle to reproduce spatially coherent interactions between tropical Atlantic SST and winds. This analysis provides valuable insight on how meridional modes act as links between extratropical and tropical variability and focuses future research aimed at improving climate model simulations. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 资助项目: NSF, National Science Foundation
; NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
; NSF, National Science Foundation
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/53086
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0206, La Jolla, CA, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 300-323, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Amaya D.J.,DeFlorio M.J.,Miller A.J.,et al. WES feedback and the Atlantic Meridional Mode: observations and CMIP5 comparisons[J]. Climate Dynamics,2017-01-01,49(2017-05-06)