DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3149-9
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84965003019
论文题名: Does vertical temperature gradient of the atmosphere matter for El Niño development?
作者: Hu Z.-Z. ; Huang B. ; Tseng Y.-H. ; Wang W. ; Kumar A. ; Zhu J. ; Jha B.
刊名: Climate Dynamics
ISSN: 9307575
出版年: 2017
卷: 48, 期: 2017-05-06 起始页码: 1413
结束页码: 1429
语种: 英语
英文关键词: El Niño–Southern Oscillation
; Long-term trend
; Tropical convection
; Vertical gradient of atmospheric temperature
英文摘要: In this work, we examine the connection of vertical temperature gradient of the tropospheric atmosphere along the equator with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the possible impact of the long-term change of the gradient. It is suggested that when the temperature anomalies in the lower troposphere are relatively warmer (cooler) than in the upper troposphere, the atmosphere is less (more) stable and favors an El Niño (a La Niña) event to develop. ENSO evolutions in 1997–1998 and 2014–2015 events are good examples of this relationship. They started from similar ocean anomaly states in the springs of 1997 and 2014, but developed into an extreme El Niño in 1997–1998 and a borderline El Niño in 2014–2015. That may be partially due to differences in the evolutions of the vertical temperature anomaly gradient in troposphere. Thus, in addition to the significant atmospheric response to ENSO, the preconditioning of vertical gradient of the tropospheric temperature due to internal atmospheric processes to some extent may play an active role in affecting ENSO evolution. The long-term trend with more pronounced warming in the upper troposphere than in the lower troposphere causes a reduction in the vertical temperature gradient in the troposphere. Moreover, unlike almost homogenous warm anomalies in the upper troposphere, the lower troposphere shows remarkable regional features along the equator during 1979–2014, with cold anomaly trends over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean associated with the so-called hiatus and some warm anomalies on its two sides in the east and west. This vertical and zonal distribution of the air temperature trends in the troposphere over the Pacific Ocean is consistent with the convection suppression over the central Pacific since 2000, implying a weakening of atmosphere and ocean coupling. © 2016, Springer-Verlag (outside the USA). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/53306
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Climate Prediction Center, NCEP/NWS/NOAA, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, MD, United States; Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth Sciences, College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, United States; Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, 270 Research Hall, Mail Stop 6C5, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, United States; Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; Innovim, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Recommended Citation:
Hu Z.-Z.,Huang B.,Tseng Y.-H.,et al. Does vertical temperature gradient of the atmosphere matter for El Niño development?[J]. Climate Dynamics,2017-01-01,48(2017-05-06)