DOI: 10.1007/s00382-013-1805-x
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84895046534
论文题名: Quantifying contributions of climate feedbacks to tropospheric warming in the NCAR CCSM3.0
作者: Song X. ; Zhang G.J. ; Cai M.
刊名: Climate Dynamics
ISSN: 9307575
出版年: 2014
卷: 42, 期: 2017-03-04 起始页码: 901
结束页码: 917
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Climate feedback
; Climate feedback-response analysis method
; Convective process
; Spatial pattern
; Tropospheric warming
英文摘要: In this study, a coupled atmosphere-surface "climate feedback-response analysis method" (CFRAM) was applied to the slab ocean model version of the NCAR CCSM3.0 to understand the tropospheric warming due to a doubling of CO2 concentration through quantifying the contributions of each climate feedback process. It is shown that the tropospheric warming displays distinct meridional and vertical patterns that are in a good agreement with the multi-model mean projection from the IPCC AR4. In the tropics, the warming in the upper troposphere is stronger than in the lower troposphere, leading to a decrease in temperature lapse rate, whereas in high latitudes the opposite it true. In terms of meridional contrast, the lower tropospheric warming in the tropics is weaker than that in high latitudes, resulting in a weakened meridional temperature gradient. In the upper troposphere the meridional temperature gradient is enhanced due to much stronger warming in the tropics than in high latitudes. Using the CFRAM method, we analyzed both radiative feedbacks, which have been emphasized in previous climate feedback analysis, and non-radiative feedbacks. It is shown that non-radiative (radiative) feedbacks are the major contributors to the temperature lapse rate decrease (increase) in the tropical (polar) region. Atmospheric convection is the leading contributor to temperature lapse rate decrease in the tropics. The cloud feedback also has non-negligible contributions. In the polar region, water vapor feedback is the main contributor to the temperature lapse rate increase, followed by albedo feedback and CO2 forcing. The decrease of meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere is mainly due to strong cooling from convection and cloud feedback in the tropics and the strong warming from albedo feedback in the polar region. The strengthening of meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere can be attributed to the warming associated with convection and cloud feedback in the tropics. Since convection is the leading contributor to the warming differences between tropical lower and upper troposphere, and between the tropical and polar regions, this study indicates that tropical convection plays a critical role in determining the climate sensitivity. In addition, the CFRAM analysis shows that convective process and water vapor feedback are the two major contributors to the tropical upper troposphere temperature change, indicating that the excessive upper tropospheric warming in the IPCC AR4 models may be due to overestimated warming from convective process or underestimated cooling due to water vapor feedback. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 资助项目: DOE, U.S. Department of Energy
; NSF, National Science Foundation
; NSF, National Science Foundation
; NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
; NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/54309
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0221, United States; Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
Recommended Citation:
Song X.,Zhang G.J.,Cai M.. Quantifying contributions of climate feedbacks to tropospheric warming in the NCAR CCSM3.0[J]. Climate Dynamics,2014-01-01,42(2017-03-04)