DOI: 10.1007/s00382-013-1808-7
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84886721511
论文题名: Climate feedback efficiency and synergy
作者: Mauritsen T. ; Graversen R.G. ; Klocke D. ; Langen P.L. ; Stevens B. ; Tomassini L.
刊名: Climate Dynamics
ISSN: 9307575
出版年: 2013
卷: 41, 期: 2017-09-10 起始页码: 2539
结束页码: 2554
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Climate feedback mechanisms
; Climate sensitivity
; Synergy
英文摘要: Earth's climate sensitivity to radiative forcing induced by a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 is determined by feedback mechanisms, including changes in atmospheric water vapor, clouds and surface albedo, that act to either amplify or dampen the response. The climate system is frequently interpreted in terms of a simple energy balance model, in which it is assumed that individual feedback mechanisms are additive and act independently. Here we test these assumptions by systematically controlling, or locking, the radiative feedbacks in a state-of-the-art climate model. The method is shown to yield a near-perfect decomposition of change into partial temperature contributions pertaining to forcing and each of the feedbacks. In the studied model water vapor feedback stands for about half the temperature change, CO2-forcing about one third, while cloud and surface albedo feedback contributions are relatively small. We find a close correspondence between forcing, feedback and partial surface temperature response for the water vapor and surface albedo feedbacks, while the cloud feedback is inefficient in inducing surface temperature change. Analysis suggests that cloud-induced warming in the upper tropical troposphere, consistent with rising convective cloud anvils in a warming climate enhances the negative lapse-rate feedback, thereby offsetting some of the warming that would otherwise be attributable to this positive cloud feedback. By subsequently combining feedback mechanisms we find a positive synergy acting between the water vapor feedback and the cloud feedback; that is, the combined cloud and water vapor feedback is greater than the sum of its parts. Negative synergies surround the surface albedo feedback, as associated cloud and water vapor changes dampen the anticipated climate change induced by retreating snow and ice. Our results highlight the importance of treating the coupling between clouds, water vapor and temperature in a deepening troposphere. © 2013 The Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/54754
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhagen, Denmark
Recommended Citation:
Mauritsen T.,Graversen R.G.,Klocke D.,et al. Climate feedback efficiency and synergy[J]. Climate Dynamics,2013-01-01,41(2017-09-10)