DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.015
论文题名: Climate, herbivory, and fire controls on tropical African forest for the last 60ka
作者: Ivory S.J. ; Russell J.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
出版年: 2016
卷: 148 起始页码: 101
结束页码: 114
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Africa
; Global environmental change
; Miombo woodland
; Montane ecosystems
; Paleoclimate
; Paleoecology
; Tropical biogeography
; Tropical ecology
; Tropical woodland
Scopus关键词: Charcoal
; Ecology
; Ecosystems
; Forestry
; Glacial geology
; Plants (botany)
; Tropics
; Vegetation
; Africa
; Global environmental change
; Miombo woodlands
; Montane ecosystems
; Paleoclimates
; Paleoecology
; Tropical biogeography
; Tropical woodland
; Climate change
; climate change
; fire management
; fungus
; global change
; herbivory
; Iron Age
; Last Glacial Maximum
; montane forest
; Northern Hemisphere
; paleoclimate
; paleoecology
; phylogeography
; pollen
; recolonization
; species richness
; tropical environment
; tropical forest
; vegetation history
; woodland
; Africa
; East African Lakes
; Lake Tanganyika
; Animalia
; Fungi
; Preussia (ascomycete)
英文摘要: The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Africa was drier than today and was followed by rapid step-wise climate changes during the last deglacial period. In much of Africa, these changes led to a drastic reduction of lowland forest area during the LGM, followed by recolonization of the lowlands by forest and woodland in concert with regional warming and wetting. However, the history of southeastern African vegetation contrasts with that observed further north. In particular, forest expansion appears to have occurred in southeastern Africa during episodes of high-latitude northern hemisphere cooling. Although vegetation history in Africa is generally assumed to relate purely to climate, previous studies have not addressed potential feedbacks between climate, vegetation, and disturbance regimes (fire, herbivory) that may create tipping points in ecosystems. This climate-vegetation history has profound implications for our understanding of the modern architecture of lowland and highland forests, both thought to be at risk from future climate change. Here we present analyses of fossil pollen, charcoal, and Sporormiella (dung fungus) on a continuous 60 kyr record from central Lake Tanganyika, Southeast Africa, that illustrates the interplay of climate and disturbance regimes in shaping vegetation composition and structure. We observe that extensive forests dominated the region during the last glacial period despite evidence of decreased rainfall. At the end of the LGM, forest opening at ∼17.5 ka followed warming temperatures but preceded rising precipitation, suggesting that temperature-induced water stress and disturbance from fire and herbivory affected initial landscape transformation. Our Sporormiella record indicates that mega-herbivore populations increased at the early Holocene. This higher animal density increased plant species richness and encouraged landscape heterogeneity until the mid-Holocene. At this time, regional drying followed by the onset of the Iron Age in the late Holocene resulted in expansion of thicket, more open woodland, and disturbance taxa that still characterize the landscape today. This climate-vegetation history has important implications for our understanding of the modern and future distribution of lowland and highland forests, which are at risk from future climate change. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd 资助项目: Ivory, S.J.85 Waterman St., United States
; 电子邮件: sarah_ivory@brown.edu
Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/59478
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Institute at Brown for the Study of Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Earth Environment and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
Recommended Citation:
Ivory S.J.,Russell J.. Climate, herbivory, and fire controls on tropical African forest for the last 60ka[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2016-01-01,148