DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.016
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84962022118
论文题名: Landscapes, depositional environments and human occupation at Middle Paleolithic open-air sites in the southern Levant, with new insights from Nesher Ramla, Israel
作者: Zaidner Y. ; Frumkin A. ; Friesem D. ; Tsatskin A. ; Shahack-Gross R.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2016
卷: 138 起始页码: 76
结束页码: 86
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cave sites
; Karst sinkhole
; Levant
; Middle Paleolithic
; Open-air sites
; Site formation processes
Scopus关键词: Caves
; Deposition
; Employment
; Gesture recognition
; Sedimentology
; Sediments
; Karst sinkhole
; Levant
; Middle Paleolithic
; Open-air sites
; Site formation
; Behavioral research
; archaeological evidence
; burial (geology)
; cave deposit
; depositional environment
; human activity
; landscape change
; marine isotope stage
; occupation
; paleokarst
; Paleolithic
; pedogenesis
; sedimentary sequence
; sinkhole
; vegetation dynamics
; Israel
; Levant
; Mediterranean Region
英文摘要: Middle Paleolithic human occupation in the Levant (250-50 ka ago) has been recorded in roofed (cave and rockshelter) and open-air sites. Research at these different types of sites yielded different perspectives on the Middle Paleolithic human behavior and evolution. Until recently, open-air Middle Paleolithic sites in the Levant were found in three major sedimentary environments: fluvial, lake-margin and spring. Here we describe a unique depositional environment and formation processes at the recently discovered open-air site of Nesher Ramla (Israel) and discuss their contribution to understanding site formation processes in open-air sites in the Levant. The site is 8-m-thick Middle Paleolithic sequence (OSL dated to 170-80 ka) that is located in a karst sinkhole formed by gravitational deformation and sagging into underground voids. The sedimentary sequence was shaped by gravitational collapse, cyclic colluviation of soil and gravel into the depression, waterlogging, in situ pedogenesis and human occupation. Original bedding and combustion features are well-preserved in the Lower archaeological sequence, a rare occurrence in comparison to other open-air archaeological sites. This phenomenon coincides with episodes of fast sedimentation/burial, which also allowed better preservation of microscopic remains such as ash. The Upper archaeological sequence does not exhibit bedding or preservation of ash, despite presence of heat-affected lithic artifacts, which makes it similar to other open-air sites in the Levant. We suggest that rate of burial is the major factor that caused the difference between the Upper and Lower sequences. The differences in the burial rate may be connected to environmental and vegetation changes at the end of MIS 6. We also identified an interplay between sediment in-wash and density of human activity remains, i.e. during episodes of low natural sediment input the density of artifacts is higher relative to episodes with high rate of sediment in-wash. The detailed analysis of natural and anthropogenic processes at Nesher Ramla suggests a much wider spectrum of processes than previously reported for southern Levantine Paleolithic sites. Nesher Ramla shares certain depositional and post-depositional characteristics with both cave and open-air sites and provides a better insight into processes which control both types of sites. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/59632
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel; Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Maritime Civilizations, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
Recommended Citation:
Zaidner Y.,Frumkin A.,Friesem D.,et al. Landscapes, depositional environments and human occupation at Middle Paleolithic open-air sites in the southern Levant, with new insights from Nesher Ramla, Israel[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2016-01-01,138