globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13089
论文题名:
Why do we lose protected areas? Factors influencing protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement in the tropics and subtropics
作者: Symes W.S.; Rao M.; Mascia M.B.; Carrasco L.R.
刊名: Global Change Biology
ISSN: 13541013
出版年: 2016
卷: 22, 期:2
起始页码: 656
结束页码: 665
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Biodiversity conservation ; Degazettement ; Downgrade ; Downsize ; Land use change ; National park ; Nature reserve ; Protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement ; Systematic conservation planning
Scopus关键词: biodiversity ; conservation planning ; land use change ; national park ; protected area ; subtropical region ; tropical region ; agriculture ; altitude ; environmental protection ; human ; population density ; tropic climate ; Agriculture ; Altitude ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; Population Density ; Tropical Climate
英文摘要: Protected areas (PAs) are an essential tool for the conservation of biodiversity globally. Previous studies have focussed on the effectiveness of PAs and the design of optimal PA networks. However, not all PAs remain intact permanently; many PAs undergo downgrading, downsizing and/or degazettement (PADDD), a fact largely ignored until recently. The drivers of enacted PADDD events and the factors influencing its spatial occurrence are poorly understood, potentially undermining the efficacy of PAs and PA networks. Here we examine the spatial relationship between PADDD and economic, demographic and structural variables, using a 110-year data set of 342 enacted PADDD events across 44 countries in the tropics and subtropics. We find that the probability of an enacted PADDD event increases with the size of the PA and through a synergistic interaction between PA size and local population densities. Our results are robust to the under-reporting of enacted PADDD events that occur among smaller PAs and in regions with lower population density. We find an economic motive for PADDD events, given that the opportunity costs associated with larger PAs are higher, on average, than smaller PAs. Our findings suggest a need for conservation practitioners to better consider PA characteristics, as well as the social, economic and political context in which PAs are situated, to aid the creation of more efficient and sustainable PA networks. In particular, the dynamics of enacted PADDD events highlight the need to explicitly consider PA robustness as a core component of systematic conservation planning for PA networks. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/61547
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性

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作者单位: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Wildlife Conservation Society, Singapore, Singapore; Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, United States

Recommended Citation:
Symes W.S.,Rao M.,Mascia M.B.,et al. Why do we lose protected areas? Factors influencing protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement in the tropics and subtropics[J]. Global Change Biology,2016-01-01,22(2)
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