DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12357
论文题名: Inertia in an ombrotrophic bog ecosystem in response to 9 years' realistic perturbation by wet deposition of nitrogen, separated by form
作者: Sheppard L.J. ; Leith I.D. ; Mizunuma T. ; Leeson S. ; Kivimaki S. ; Neil Cape J. ; van Dijk N. ; Leaver D. ; Sutton M.A. ; Fowler D. ; Van den Berg L.J.L. ; Crossley A. ; Field C. ; Smart S.
刊名: Global Change Biology
ISSN: 13541013
出版年: 2014
卷: 20, 期: 2 起始页码: 566
结束页码: 580
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Ammonium
; Calluna
; Chronology
; Cover
; Critical loads
; Growth
; Nitrate
; Peatland
; Sphagnum capillifolium
Scopus关键词: ammonium
; bog
; critical load
; growth
; inertia
; nitrogen
; ombrotrophic environment
; peatland
; wet deposition
; ammonia
; nitrate
; nitrogen
; air pollutant
; article
; biodiversity
; Calluna
; chemistry
; chronology
; cover
; critical loads
; ecosystem
; growth
; metabolism
; peatland
; pH
; season
; soil
; Sphagnum capillifolium
; United Kingdom
; wetland
; ammonium
; Calluna
; chronology
; cover
; critical loads
; growth
; nitrate
; peatland
; Sphagnum capillifolium
; Air Pollutants
; Biodiversity
; Ecosystem
; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
; Nitrogen
; Scotland
; Seasons
; Soil
; Wetlands
英文摘要: Wet deposition of nitrogen (N) occurs in oxidized (nitrate) and reduced (ammonium) forms. Whether one form drives vegetation change more than the other is widely debated, as field evidence has been lacking. We are manipulating N form in wet deposition to an ombrotrophic bog, Whim (Scottish Borders), and here report nine years of results. Ammonium and nitrate were provided in rainwater spray as NH4Cl or NaNO3 at 8, 24 or 56 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus a rainwater only control, via an automated system coupled to site meteorology. Detrimental N effects were observed in sensitive nonvascular plant species, with higher cumulative N loads leading to more damage at lower annual doses. Cover responses to N addition, both in relation to form and dose, were species specific and mostly dependent on N dose. Some species were generally indifferent to N form and dose, while others were dose sensitive. Calluna vulgaris showed a preference for higher N doses as ammonium N and Hypnum jutlandicum for nitrate N. However, after 9 years, the magnitude of change from wet deposited N on overall species cover is small, indicating only a slow decline in key species. Nitrogen treatment effects on soil N availability were likewise small and rarely correlated with species cover. Ammonium caused most N accumulation and damage to sensitive species at lower N loads, but toxic effects also occurred with nitrate. However, because different species respond differently to N form, setting of ecosystem level critical loads by N form is challenging. We recommend implementing the lowest value of the critical load range where communities include sensitive nonvascular plants and where ammonium dominates wet deposition chemistry. In the context of parallel assessment at the same site, N treatments for wet deposition showed overall much smaller effects than corresponding inputs of dry deposition as ammonia. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/62001
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, United Kingdom; ACrosstech, Deanfoot Rd, West Linton, Peeblesshire, EH46 7AU, United Kingdom; John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, Netherlands; B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 6558, Nijmegen, 6503 GB, Netherlands; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Sheppard L.J.,Leith I.D.,Mizunuma T.,et al. Inertia in an ombrotrophic bog ecosystem in response to 9 years' realistic perturbation by wet deposition of nitrogen, separated by form[J]. Global Change Biology,2014-01-01,20(2)