DOI: 10.1002/2014JD021710
论文题名: Quantifying components of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in climate models
作者: Zelinka M.D. ; Andrews T. ; Forster P.M. ; Taylor K.E.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2014
卷: 119, 期: 12 起始页码: 7599
结束页码: 7615
语种: 英语
英文关键词: aerosol-cloud interactions
; aerosol-radiation interactions
; APRP method
; effective radiative forcing
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric radiation
; Aerosol absorption
; Aerosol scattering
; Aerosol-cloud interaction
; Aerosol-radiation interactions
; Anthropogenic aerosols
; APRP method
; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
; Radiative forcings
; Aerosols
英文摘要: The interaction of anthropogenic aerosols with radiation and clouds is the largest source of uncertainty in the radiative forcing of the climate during the industrial period. Here we apply novel techniques to diagnose the contributors to the shortwave (SW) effective radiative forcing (ERF) from aerosol-radiation-interaction (ERFari) and from aerosol cloud interaction (ERFaci) in experiments performed in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We find that the ensemble mean SW ERFari+aci of -1.40±0.56 W m-2 comes roughly 25% from ERFari (-0.35±0.20 W m-2) and 75% from ERFaci (-1.04±0.67 W m-2). ERFari is made up of -0.62±0.30 W m-2 due to aerosol scattering opposed by +0.26 ± 0.12 W m-2 due to aerosol absorption and is largest near emission sources. The ERFari from nonsulfate aerosols is +0.13 ± 0.09 W m-2, consisting of -0.15±0.11 W m-2 of scattering and +0.29 ± 0.15 W m-2 of absorption. The change in clear-sky flux is a negatively biased measure of ERFari, as the presence of clouds reduces the magnitude and intermodel spread of ERFari by 40-50%. ERFaci, which is large both near and downwind of emission sources, is composed of -0.99±0.54 W m-2 from enhanced cloud scattering, with much smaller contributions from increased cloud amount and absorption. In models that allow aerosols to affect ice clouds, large increases in the optical depth of high clouds cause substantial longwave and shortwave radiative anomalies. Intermodel spread in ERFaci is dominated by differences in how aerosols increase cloud scattering, but even if all models agreed on this effect, over a fifth of the spread in ERFaci would remain due solely to differences in total cloud amount. Key Points We compute effective forcings from aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in GCMs Total aerosol forcing is 25% direct effect and 75% indirect effect Indirect effect comes mostly from enhanced cloud scattering ©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63050
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Met Office Hadley Center, Exeter, United Kingdom; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Zelinka M.D.,Andrews T.,Forster P.M.,et al. Quantifying components of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in climate models[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,2014-01-01,119(12)