DOI: 10.1002/2013JD019886
论文题名: Elemental carbon measurements in European Arctic snow packs
作者: Forsström S. ; Isaksson E. ; Skeie R.B. ; Ström J. ; Pedersen C.A. ; Hudson S.R. ; Berntsen T.K. ; Lihavainen H. ; Godtliebsen F. ; Gerland S.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 24 起始页码: 13614
结束页码: 13627
语种: 英语
英文关键词: aerosol deposition
; Arctic
; black carbon
; radiative balance
; snow impurities
Scopus关键词: Carbon
; Sea ice
; Aerosol deposition
; Arctic
; Black carbon
; Radiative balance
; Snow impurity
; Snow
; absorption
; aerosol
; atmospheric modeling
; atmospheric pollution
; atmospheric transport
; black carbon
; concentration (composition)
; data set
; measurement method
; monitoring
; observational method
; snowmelt
; snowpack
; Arctic
; Scandinavia
英文摘要: Black carbon (BC) and other light-absorbing particles deposited on snow and ice are known to perturb the surface radiative balance. There are few published observations of the concentration of these particles in the snow in Scandinavia and the European Arctic. We measured BC concentrations in snow samples collected in this region from 2007 to 2009, and we present the results here. The data set includes 484 surface samples and 24 column samples (covering the accumulation season) from snow on land, glaciers, and sea ice. Concentrations up to 88 ng of carbon per gram of snow (ng/g) were found in Scandinavia, while lower values were observed at higher latitudes: 11-14 ng/g in Svalbard, 7-42 ng/g in the Fram Strait, and 9 ng/g in Barrow. Values compare well with other observations but are generally found to be a factor of 2-3 higher than modeled BC concentrations in snow in the chemical transport model Oslo CTM2. This model underestimation comes in spite of potentially significant undercatch in the observations. The spring melt period enhanced BC levels in surface snow at the four sites where the BC concentrations were monitored from March to May in 2008 and 2009. A data set of replicate samples is used to establish a concentration-dependent estimate of the meter-scale variability of BC concentration in snow, found to be around ±30% of the average concentration. Key Points BC data contribute to knowledge of spatial, annual variability in Arctic snow CTM2 resolves spatial pattern of BC but underestimates concentrations Surface snow EC shows an increase coinciding with snowmelt ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63089
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Norwegian Polar Institute, N-9005, Tromso 9296, Norway; Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO), Oslo, Norway; Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
Recommended Citation:
Forsström S.,Isaksson E.,Skeie R.B.,et al. Elemental carbon measurements in European Arctic snow packs[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(24)