DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020187
论文题名: An analysis of ground shaking and transmission loss from infrasound generated by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
作者: Walker K.T. ; Pichon A.L. ; Kim T.S. ; De Groot-Hedlin C. ; Che I.-Y. ; Garcés M.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 23 起始页码: 12831
结束页码: 12851
语种: 英语
英文关键词: earthquake infrasound
; gravity waves
; ground shaking
; infrasound attenuation
; infrasound transmission loss
; ShakeMaps
Scopus关键词: Complex networks
; Gravity waves
; Law enforcement
; Transport properties
; Wave transmission
; 2011 tohoku earthquakes
; Fine-scale structures
; Ground accelerations
; Ground-shaking
; Infrasound
; Megathrust earthquakes
; ShakeMaps
; Transmission loss
; Earthquakes
; amplitude
; atmospheric structure
; data set
; earthquake magnitude
; gravity wave
; ground motion
; infrasonics
; spatial resolution
; Tohoku earthquake 2011
; wind velocity
; Honshu
; Japan
; Kamchatka
; Kanto
; Miyagi
; Russian Federation
; Sendai
; Tohoku
; Tokyo [Kanto]
英文摘要: The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake generated infrasound that was recorded by nine infrasonic arrays. Most arrays recorded a back azimuth variation with time due to the expanse of the source region. We use ray tracing to predict group velocities and back azimuth wind corrections. A Japan accelerometer network recorded ground shaking in unprecedented spatial resolution. We back projected infrasound from arrays IS44 (Kamchatka) and IS30 (Tokyo) to the source region and compare these results with acceleration data. IS44 illuminates the complex geometry of land areas that experienced shaking. IS30 illuminates two volcanoes and a flat area around the city of Sendai, where the maximum accelerations occurred. The arrays and epicentral region define three source-receiver profiles. The observed broadband energy transmission loss (TL) follows an exponential decay law. The best fitting model, which has parameters that are interpreted to include the effects of geometric spreading, scattering, and the maximum ratio of the effective sound speed in the stratosphere to that at the ground (accounts for stratospheric wind speed), yields a 65% variance reduction relative to predictions from a traditional TL relationship. This model is a simplified version of the model of Le Pichon et al. (2012), which yields an 83% variance reduction for a single frequency, implying that fine-scale atmospheric structure is required to explain the TL for stratospheric upwind propagation. Our results show that infrasonic arrays are sensitive to ground acceleration in the source region of megathrust earthquakes. The TL results may improve infrasonic amplitude scaling laws for explosive yield. Key Points Infrasonic transmission loss generally follows a simple exponential decay law Fine-scale structure due to gravity waves are required to explain amplitudes Infrasound from ground shaking may be useful in the construction of ShakeMaps ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 资助项目: EAR-1147962
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63120
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0225, United States; BAE Systems, Treaty Monitoring Office, Patrick Air Force Base FL, United States; CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France; Earthquake Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, South Korea; Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Kailua-Kona HI, United States
Recommended Citation:
Walker K.T.,Pichon A.L.,Kim T.S.,et al. An analysis of ground shaking and transmission loss from infrasound generated by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(23)