globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50529
论文题名:
The common occurrence of highly supercooled drizzle and rain near the coastal regions of the western United States
作者: Rosenfeld D.; Chemke R.; Demott P.; Sullivan R.C.; Rasmussen R.; McDonough F.; Comstock J.; Schmid B.; Tomlinson J.; Jonsson H.; Suski K.; Cazorla A.; Prather K.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期:17
起始页码: 9819
结束页码: 9833
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cloud aerosol interactions ; Supercooled drizzle ; Supercooled rain
Scopus关键词: Aerosols ; Aircraft ; Clouds ; Forestry ; Ice ; Rain ; Aircraft observations ; Cloud condensation nuclei ; Convective clouds ; Low concentrations ; Small concentration ; Supercooled drizzle ; Western United States ; Yosemite National Park ; Supercooling ; aerosol ; air mass ; cloud condensation nucleus ; coastal zone ; drizzle ; meteorology ; orography ; raindrop ; temperature effect ; California ; Sierra Nevada [California] ; United States ; Yosemite National Park
英文摘要: Highly supercooled rain and drizzle from cloud tops at -12 to -21°C down to the 0° isotherm was documented by aircraft observations in clouds over a wide range of meteorological situations under relatively pristine marine aerosol conditions. The Gulfstream-1 aircraft during the CalWater campaign in February and early March 2011 measured clouds over the coastal waters of northern California, orographically triggered convective clouds over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and orographic layer clouds over Yosemite National Park. Supercooled drizzle in layer clouds near Juneau, Alaska, was measured by the Wyoming King Air as part of a FAA project to study aircraft icing in this region. Low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were commonly observed in all of these clouds, allowing for the formation of clouds with small concentrations of mostly large drops that coalesced into supercooled drizzle and raindrops. Another common observation was the absence of ice nuclei (IN) and/or ice crystals in measurable concentrations, associated with persistent supercooled drizzle and rain. Average ice crystal concentrations were 0.007 l-1 at the top of convective clouds at -12°C and 0.03 l-1 in the case of layer clouds at -21°C. In combination, these two conditions of low concentrations of CCN and very few IN provide ideal conditions for the formation of highly supercooled drizzle and rain. These results help explain the anomalously high incidences of aircraft icing at cold temperatures in U.S. west coast clouds and highlight the need to include aerosol effects when simulating aircraft icing with cloud models. Key Points Persistent highly supercooled rain was observed in clouds down to -21ËšCIt occurred in a wide range of convective, orographic and layer arctic cloudsThe likely cause was dearth of CCN and IN aerosols in pristine marine air masses ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63321
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应

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作者单位: Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, United States; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States

Recommended Citation:
Rosenfeld D.,Chemke R.,Demott P.,et al. The common occurrence of highly supercooled drizzle and rain near the coastal regions of the western United States[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(17)
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