DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50776
论文题名: Rain characteristics and large-scale environments of precipitation objects with extreme rain volumes from TRMM observations
作者: Zhou Y. ; Lau W.K.M. ; Liu C.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 17 起始页码: 9673
结束页码: 9689
语种: 英语
英文关键词: extreme rainfall
; large-scale environment
; rain characteristics
; TRMM
Scopus关键词: Moisture
; Rain gages
; Convective available potential energies
; Environment conditions
; Extreme rainfall
; large-scale environment
; National centers for environmental predictions
; Total precipitable water
; TRMM
; Tropical rainfall measuring missions
; Rain
; environmental factor
; extreme event
; geoaccumulation
; observational method
; precipitation (climatology)
; rainfall
; TRMM
; volume
英文摘要: This study adopts a "precipitation object" approach by using 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Feature (PF) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data to study rainfall structure and environmental factors associated with extreme heavy rain events. Characteristics of instantaneous extreme volumetric PFs are examined and compared to those of intermediate and small systems. It is found that instantaneous PFs exhibit a much wider scale range compared to the daily gridded precipitation accumulation range. The top 1% of the rainiest PFs contribute over 55% of total rainfall and have 2 orders of rain volume magnitude greater than those of the median PFs. We find a threshold near the top 10% beyond which the PFs grow exponentially into larger, deeper, and colder rain systems. NCEP reanalyses show that midlevel relative humidity and total precipitable water increase steadily with increasingly larger PFs, along with a rapid increase of 500 hPa upward vertical velocity beyond the top 10%. This provides the necessary moisture convergence to amplify and sustain the extreme events. The rapid increase in vertical motion is associated with the release of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in mature systems, as is evident in the increase in CAPE of PFs up to 10% and the subsequent dropoff. The study illustrates distinct stages in the development of an extreme rainfall event including (1) a systematic buildup in large-scale temperature and moisture, (2) a rapid change in rain structure, (3) explosive growth of the PF size, and (4) a release of CAPE before the demise of the event. Key Points Instantaneous PFs exhibit a wide scale range and change dramatically at top 10%.Systematic changes in environment conditions are found for extreme events.Atmosphere water vapor and large-scale dynamics are important for extreme events ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63322
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: GESTAR, Morgan State University, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A and M University at Corpus Christi, United States
Recommended Citation:
Zhou Y.,Lau W.K.M.,Liu C.. Rain characteristics and large-scale environments of precipitation objects with extreme rain volumes from TRMM observations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(17)