globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50507
论文题名:
Changes in North American snowpacks for 1979-2007 detected from the snow water equivalent data of SMMR and SSM/I passive microwave and related climatic factors
作者: Gan T.Y.; Barry R.G.; Gizaw M.; Gobena A.; Balaji R.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期:14
起始页码: 7682
结束页码: 7697
语种: 英语
英文关键词: climate anomalies ; Kendall non-parametric test ; North America ; principal component analysis ; SMMR and SSM/I passive microwave data ; snow water equivalent
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric temperature ; Microwave devices ; Principal component analysis ; Rain ; Snow melting systems ; Water supply ; Climate anomalies ; Non-parametric test ; North America ; Smmr and ssm/i passive microwave datum ; Snow water equivalent ; Snow ; brightness temperature ; data set ; magnitude ; microwave radiation ; Northern Hemisphere ; Pacific Decadal Oscillation ; precipitation (climatology) ; principal component analysis ; snow water equivalent ; snowpack ; water supply ; North America
英文摘要: Changes to the North American snowpacks for 1979-2007 were detected from snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieved empirically from horizontally polarized brightness temperature (TB) of a scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (18 and 37 GHz) and special sensor microwave imager (19 and 37 GHz) passive microwave data using the nonparametric Kendall's test. The predominant SWE trends detected agree with negative anomalies in snow cover observed in Northern Hemisphere since the 1980s, and both the SWE and snow cover results should be related to the significant increase in the surface temperature of North America (NA) observed since the 1970s. About 30% of detected decreasing trends of SWE for 1979-2007 are statistically significant, which is three times more than the significant increasing trends of SWE detected in NA. Significant decreasing SWE trends are more extensive in Canada than in the United States. The mean trend magnitudes detected for December-April are -0.4 to -0.5 mm/yr, which means an overall reduction of snow depth of about 5-8 cm in 29 years (assuming a snowpack density between 200 and 250 kg/m3), which can impact regions relying on spring snowmelt for water supply. From detected increasing (decreasing) trends of gridded temperature (precipitation) based on the North American Regional Reanalysis data set and the University of Delaware data set for NA, their respective correlations with SWE data and other findings, such as global scale decline of snow cover, longer rainfall seasons, etc., it seems the extensive decreasing trends in SWE detected mainly in Canada are more caused by increasing temperatures than by decreasing precipitation. However, climate anomalies could also contribute to the detected trends, such as PC1 of NA's SWE, which is found to be correlated to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and marginally correlated to the Pacific North American pattern. Key Points Changes to North American snow packs for 1979-2007 30% of detected decreasing trends of SWE are statistically significant Decreasing trends in SWE detected mainly in Canada ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63550
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应

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作者单位: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada; Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO, United States

Recommended Citation:
Gan T.Y.,Barry R.G.,Gizaw M.,et al. Changes in North American snowpacks for 1979-2007 detected from the snow water equivalent data of SMMR and SSM/I passive microwave and related climatic factors[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(14)
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