globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1029/2012JD018364
论文题名:
Characterization of speciated aerosol direct radiative forcing over California
作者: Zhao C.; Leung L.R.; Easter R.; Hand J.; Avise J.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期:5
起始页码: 2372
结束页码: 2388
语种: 英语
英文关键词: aerosol ; air quality ; direct radiative forcing ; emission control
Scopus关键词: Air quality ; Atmospheric radiation ; Emission control ; Population distribution ; Aerosol direct radiative forcing ; Diagnostic methods ; Direct radiative forcing ; Mass concentration ; Net radiation flux ; Relative contribution ; Seasonal distributions ; Top of the atmospheres ; Aerosols ; aerosol composition ; air quality ; concentration (composition) ; cooling ; dust ; emission control ; radiative forcing ; regional climate ; speciation (chemistry) ; sulfate ; top of atmosphere ; warming ; California ; United States
英文摘要: The WRF-Chem model, with the added capability of diagnosing the direct radiative forcing of individual aerosol species, is used to characterize the spatial and seasonal distribution of speciated aerosol direct radiative forcing over California. Overall, the simulation in 2005 is able to reproduce the observed spatial and seasonal distribution of total PM2.5 mass concentration and the relative contribution from individual aerosol species. On statewide average over California, all aerosol species reduce the surface net radiation fluxes, with a total by about 1.5 W m-2 (winter minimum) to 3 W m-2 (summer maximum). Elemental carbon (EC) is the largest contributor in summer (-1.1 W m-2 and ~35%), and sulfate is the largest in winter (-0.45 W m-2 and ~30%). In the atmosphere, total aerosol introduces a warming effect of about 0.5 W m-2 (winter minimum) to 2 W m-2 (summer maximum). EC and dust contribute about 75 - 95% and 1 - 10% of the total warming through the seasons, respectively. At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), the overall total aerosol direct radiative effect is cooling of -1.0 W m-2 through the seasons, with sulfate as the biggest contributor of -0.4 W m-2 (winter minimum) to -0.7 W m-2 (summer maximum). EC produces a TOA warming of up to about 0.7 W m-2, whereas all other aerosol species produce a TOA cooling. The diagnostic method implemented in WRF-Chem can be applied to other regions to understand the roles of different aerosols in the direct radiative forcing and regional climate. © 2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63892
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应

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作者单位: Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States; Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; California Air Resources Board, CA, United States

Recommended Citation:
Zhao C.,Leung L.R.,Easter R.,et al. Characterization of speciated aerosol direct radiative forcing over California[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(5)
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