| DOI: | 10.1002/jgrd.50176
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| 论文题名: | Arctic climate sensitivity to local black carbon |
| 作者: | Flanner M.G.
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| 刊名: | Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
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| ISSN: | 21698996
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| 出版年: | 2013
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| 卷: | 118, 期:4 | | 起始页码: | 1840
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| 结束页码: | 1851
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 英文关键词: | Arctic
; black carbon
; efficacy
; regional climate sensitivity
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| Scopus关键词: | Experiments
; Ice
; Incident solar radiation
; Snow
; Aerosol indirect effect
; Arctic
; Black carbon
; Deposition efficiencies
; efficacy
; Poleward energy transport
; Regional climate
; Simulated distribution
; Climate change
; aerosol
; atmospheric forcing
; cloud cover
; energy efficiency
; global warming
; sea ice
; sensitivity analysis
; temperature effect
; troposphere
; vertical mixing
; Arctic
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| 英文摘要: | Recent attention has focused on the impact of black carbon (BC) on Arctic climate. Here, idealized equilibrium climate experiments are conducted to explore the dependence of Arctic temperature change on the altitude and season of local BC forcing. BC residing in the lowest atmospheric layer produces very strong Arctic warming per unit mass and forcing [ 2.8 ± 0.5 K (Wm -2)-1] because of low cloud and sea-ice feedbacks that amplify both summer and winter warming. BC operating only within Arctic snow and sea-ice also effectively warms the surface, but forcings at 400-750mbar and 210-250mbar cause weak surface warming and cooling, respectively, despite increasing atmospheric moist static energy. This is a consequence of stable atmospheric conditions in the Arctic limiting vertical mixing, and of higher-altitude BC reducing surface insolation, increasing stability and summer low-cloud cover, and decreasing poleward energy transport. The current simulated distribution of Arctic atmospheric BC slightly cools the surface, supporting an earlier study, while local atmospheric and cryosphere-deposited BC warms the Arctic with a sensitivity of + 0.5 ± 0.4 K (Wm-2) -1. By season, April-May tropospheric BC induces the greatest mass-normalized Arctic warming [0.18 K (Gg yr) -1] because high insolation and surface albedo facilitate large specific forcing during this season. Forcing efficacy, however, increases with summer progression because of decreasing atmospheric stability, leading to a narrow range of mass-normalized response with season. Although limited by exclusion of aerosol indirect effects, changes in ocean heat transport and forcing by co-emitted species, these experiments show that Arctic climate response is sensitive to the vertical distribution and deposition efficiency of BC reaching the Arctic. Key PointsSurface climate change from Arctic black carbon depends strongly on its altitudeNear-surface BC causes strong warming because of cloud and sea-ice feedbacksCurrent Arctic atmosphere + snow BC warms the surface while atmospheric BC may not © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. |
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63910
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| Appears in Collections: | 影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: | Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Flanner M.G.. Arctic climate sensitivity to local black carbon[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(4)
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