DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.02.021
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85013313990
论文题名: Old-growth characteristics 20 years after thinning and repeated fertilization of lodgepole pine forest: Tree growth, structural attributes, and red-backed voles
作者: Sullivan T.P. ; Sullivan D.S.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2017
卷: 391 起始页码: 207
结束页码: 220
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Fertilization
; Lodgepole pine
; Old-growth attributes
; Pre-commercial thinning
; Red-backed voles
; Stand productivity
; Structural diversity
Scopus关键词: Conservation
; Crops
; Population statistics
; Fertilization
; Lodgepole pine
; Old growth
; Pre-commercial thinning
; Red-backed voles
; Stand productivities
; Structural diversity
; Forestry
; abundance
; breeding population
; coniferous forest
; fertilizer application
; growth rate
; old-growth forest
; rodent
; silviculture
; species diversity
; stand structure
; survival
; thinning
; British Columbia
; Canada
; Kelowna
; Summerland [British Columbia]
; Animalia
; Clethrionomys
; Clethrionomys gapperi
; Coniferophyta
; Muridae
; Pinus contorta
英文摘要: Restoration of old forests by developing late seral structural attributes in young forests may utilize pre-commercial thinning (PCT) and fertilization to accelerate stand growth and development. These silvicultural interventions are very likely required to develop complex stand structure in young forests, both vertically and horizontally, and late-seral structural features over decades, rather than centuries. We evaluated hypotheses (H) that large-scale PCT of young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands to a wide range of densities, and repeated fertilization, at 20-years after initiation of treatments would enhance (H1) size (diameter and height growth), structural features, and merchantable volume of crop trees; (H2) development of old-growth structural attributes; and (H3) abundance, reproduction, and survival of the southern red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi). Study areas were located near Summerland and Kelowna in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Each study area had ten treatments: four pairs of stands thinned to densities of ∼250 (very low), ∼500 (low), ∼1000 (medium), and ∼2000 (high) stems/ha with one stand of each pair fertilized five times at 2-year intervals, an unthinned stand, and an old-growth stand. Mean 20-year diameter of lodgepole pine crop trees was similar (19–20 cm) in the heavily thinned (≤1000 stems/ha) fertilized stands with that (19–22 cm) in the old-growth stands. Mean height of all managed stands (9–12 m) was lower than that (18–20 m) of the old-growth stands. Mean crown volume of crop trees was highest in the very low-, low, and fertilized medium-density stands (3.5–5.9 times higher, on average) than those in the unthinned and old-growth stands. Large tree diameters and crowns occurred in the heavily thinned and fertilized stands, but mean stand merchantable volume was much reduced, primarily because of the lower densities of trees, and hence provided partial support for H1. Mean species diversity of conifers was highest in the very low-density stands and old-growth stands. Mean structural diversity of conifers was generally similar among stands. Old-growth structural attributes: large dominant trees with substantial crowns, multi-layered canopies of conifers, some canopy openings, and understory abundance and diversity of herbs and shrubs appeared in the heavily thinned and fertilized stands, and hence partially supported H2. M. gapperi populations in 5 of 8 managed stands at Summerland were at the same or higher abundance (particularly the very low-density) than in the old-growth stand, with resident breeding animals and recruitment of both adult and juvenile voles, and hence H3 seemed to be supported. Heavy thinning to ≤1000 stems/ha combined with fertilization seemed necessary to achieve these structural developments in our 33-year-old second-growth stands. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/64400
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Applied Mammal Research Institute, 11010 Mitchell Avenue, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Sullivan T.P.,Sullivan D.S.. Old-growth characteristics 20 years after thinning and repeated fertilization of lodgepole pine forest: Tree growth, structural attributes, and red-backed voles[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2017-01-01,391