DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.018
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84974603331
论文题名: Emergent crowns and light-use complementarity lead to global maximum biomass and leaf area in Sequoia sempervirens forests
作者: Van Pelt R. ; Sillett S.C. ; Kruse W.A. ; Freund J.A. ; Kramer R.D.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2016
卷: 375 起始页码: 279
结束页码: 308
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Allometric equations
; Biomass
; Carbon sequestration
; Emergent trees
; Forest structure
; Heartwood
; LAI
; Leaf area
; LiDAR
; Light-use complementarity
; Old growth
; Sequoia sempervirens
Scopus关键词: Biomass
; Ecology
; Global optimization
; Optical radar
; Vegetation
; Wood products
; Allometric equations
; Carbon sequestration
; Emergent trees
; Forest structure
; Heartwood
; Leaf area
; Old growth
; Sequoia sempervirens
; Forestry
; allometry
; biomass allocation
; canopy architecture
; carbon sequestration
; coexistence
; complementarity
; evergreen tree
; foliage
; leaf area index
; lidar
; light availability
; light use efficiency
; old-growth forest
; species diversity
; stand structure
; Biomass
; Carbon
; Chelation
; Forests
; Sequoia
; Sequoia sempervirens
英文摘要: Forests >80 m tall have the highest biomass, and individual trees in these forests are Earth's largest with deep crowns emerging above neighboring vegetation, but it is unclear to what degree these maxima depend on the emergent trees themselves or a broader-scale forest structure. Here we advance the concept of emergent facilitation, whereby emergent trees benefit co-occurring species. Trees reorganize foliage within crowns to optimize available light and, if long-lived, can reiterate after crown damage to become emergent. The height, depth, and spacing of emergent trees in turn allows for abundant light to pass through the canopy, leading to light-use complementarity as well as elevated biomass, leaf area, and species diversity of the forest as a whole. We chose Sequoia sempervirens to develop this concept and installed eleven 1-ha plots in old-growth forests spanning nearly six degrees of latitude in California. Each plot was based off a 316-m-long centerline where biomass and leaf area of all vegetation were quantified. We employed hierarchical measurements and stratified random sampling spanning the full size range of individuals to generate 180 equations for determining biomass and leaf area of all dominant plant species in these forests. Biomass (5190 Mg ha-1), leaf area (LAI = 19.4), and aboveground carbon (2600 Mg ha-1) are global maxima, occurring in plots with the highest proportion of emergent trees. Decay-resistant Sequoia heartwood contributes the bulk of this mass, ranging from 61.5 to 76.7% of plot totals. Heartwood is a key contributor to the development of trees with emergent crowns, since its durability enables trees to recover leaf area and to re-grow crowns after damage so that they can continue expanding for millennia. By distributing leaf area among fewer trees with deeper crowns, Sequoia maintains very high leaf area itself (LAI up to 14.5) while simultaneously allowing other species to flourish underneath (non-Sequoia LAI up to 8.0). Because Sequoia is not replaced by other species, aboveground biomass, leaf area, and carbon content of these forests are essentially asymptotic over time. © 2016 The Authors. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/64852
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, United States; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, United States; Kruse Imaging, 3230 Ross Rd., Palo Alto, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Van Pelt R.,Sillett S.C.,Kruse W.A.,et al. Emergent crowns and light-use complementarity lead to global maximum biomass and leaf area in Sequoia sempervirens forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2016-01-01,375