DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.031
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84961146861
论文题名: Factors influencing litter delivery to streams
作者: Bilby R.E. ; Heffner J.T.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2016
卷: 369 起始页码: 29
结束页码: 37
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Litter fall
; Pacific Northwest
; Riparian processes
Scopus关键词: Forestry
; Needles
; Rivers
; Speed
; Wetlands
; Contributing areas
; Increasing trees
; Litter fall
; Pacific Northwest
; Relative effects
; Riparian stands
; Spatial and temporal variation
; Wind speed and directions
; Wind
; coniferous tree
; environmental factor
; height
; leaf litter
; litterfall
; riparian forest
; stream channel
; temporal variation
; topographic effect
; wind direction
; wind velocity
; Pacific Ocean
; Pacific Ocean (Northwest)
; United States
; Washington [United States]
; Alnus rubra
; Coniferophyta
; Pseudotsuga
; Pseudotsuga menziesii
英文摘要: Leaves and needles are an important energy source for streams. However, relatively little is known about factors that determine width of the area contributing litter to streams. We assessed the relative effect of wind speed, wind direction, litter type, tree height and riparian topography on litter delivery to streams. Wind speed effect on litter travel distance was determined by releasing needles (Douglas-fir) and leaves (red alder) from mature and young tree canopies over a range of wind velocities. Short-term litter collections were conducted to determine the effect of wind speed on litter fall. Litter travel distance increased with increasing wind speed and increasing tree height. At low wind speeds leaves traveled further than needles. Litter fall increased with wind speed. These relationships were combined with literature values for seasonal rates of litter production and an annual wind speed and direction record from a riparian area in western Washington to evaluate the relative effect of various factors on litter delivery area width. We found that width of the contributing area for needles was about 35% greater in riparian stands supporting mature conifer trees than at sites with young trees. Increasing riparian area slope from 0° to 45° increased width of contributing area by 71-95%, depending on litter type and stand age. Doubling measured wind speed increased contribution zone width 67-82%. Estimated buffer width required to capture 95% of annual litter input ranged from about 14 m to over 25 m under the conditions which we evaluated. The variety of factors influencing litter delivery area width and the spatial and temporal variation in these factors indicates that the common practice of employing fixed-width buffers to protect stream-riparian interactions cannot be consistently effective. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/64958
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Weyerhaeuser Co., Forestry Research, PO Box 9777, WTC 1A5, Federal Way, WA, United States; Weyerhaeuser Co., Stabler Forest Research Center, 505 North Pearl Street, Centralia, WA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Bilby R.E.,Heffner J.T.. Factors influencing litter delivery to streams[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2016-01-01,369