DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.014
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84969625476
论文题名: The effect of gap openings on soil reinforcement in two conifer stands in northern Italy
作者: Bischetti G.B. ; Bassanelli C. ; Chiaradia E.A. ; Minotta G. ; Vergani C.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2016
卷: 359 起始页码: 286
结束页码: 299
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Additional root cohesion
; Conifers
; Regeneration
; Root decay
; Slope stability
Scopus关键词: Adhesion
; Forestry
; Probability
; Reforestation
; Reinforcement
; Safety factor
; Soils
; Stability
; Timber
; Additional root cohesion
; Conifers
; Natural regeneration
; Operational requirements
; Probability of failure
; Regeneration
; Regeneration process
; Root decays
; Slope stability
; clearcutting
; cohesion
; coniferous tree
; environmental disturbance
; forest management
; gap dynamics
; regeneration
; root system
; safety
; slope stability
; soil degradation
; soil reinforcement
; stand structure
; Alps
; Central Alps
; Italy
; Coniferophyta
英文摘要: Gap-oriented forestry is a subject that is gaining interest worldwide as a compromise between economic and operational requirements on the one hand and environmental and safety concerns on the other. In principle, the approach mimics the effects of fine-scale natural disturbance while avoiding the threats of soil degradation and instability associated with large clearcuts, but at the same time, it does not limit the productivity associated with single-tree selection.Despite this interest, studies of the real effects of gap-oriented forestry are still limited, particularly those dealing with its impact on slope stability. This paper provides quantitative results about the slope stability of two mixed-conifer stands subjected to gap management in the Italian Central Alps that were monitored for five years after felling.The results showed that root decay, both in strength and density, further reduces additional root cohesion by approximately 60% in the first two years after felling and by another 20% in the third year; it completely vanishes by the fifth year. The observed reduction in root reinforcement values has dramatic consequences for slope stability. In fact:. -In undisturbed conditions, the contribution of forest root systems guarantees a very low probability of instability (approximately 10% for a factor of safety of less than 1 as well as for steep slopes and high levels of saturation).-After only two years, the probability of instability dramatically increases for gentle slopes and low levels of saturation. We estimated a 50% probability of a factor of safety less than 1 when steepness was greater than 36-38° and soil saturation was 25% and when steepness was greater than 24-26° and soil saturation was 75%.-The probability of instability is highest five years after felling when the contribution of the root system has vanished. The probability of failure exceeded 50% when steepness was greater than 25-28° and saturation was 25%, and the slopes were practically unstable when saturation was 75%.-At the point when the contribution of the root system to slope stability was null, the regeneration process was still too undeveloped to contribute to soil reinforcement in any way.These results suggest that although the gap-oriented approach is, in principle, more conservative than large clearcuts, the pace of natural regeneration could be slower than the process of root decay, so instability could occur, especially where local slopes exceed 25° and soils are frequently saturated. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/65192
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (Di.S.A.A), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (Di.S.A.F.A), Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy; Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas, Italy; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Switzerland
Recommended Citation:
Bischetti G.B.,Bassanelli C.,Chiaradia E.A.,et al. The effect of gap openings on soil reinforcement in two conifer stands in northern Italy[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2016-01-01,359