DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.03.008
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84937763745
论文题名: Recycling of ash - For the good of the environment?
作者: Huotari N. ; Tillman-Sutela E. ; Moilanen M. ; Laiho R.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2015
卷: 348 起始页码: 226
结束页码: 240
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Ash fertilisation
; Fauna
; Greenhouse gas emissions
; Leaching
; Soil
; Vegetation
Scopus关键词: Carbon dioxide
; Chemical contamination
; Ecology
; Environmental impact
; Forestry
; Gas emissions
; Greenhouse gases
; Heavy metals
; Leaching
; Metals
; Soils
; Vegetation
; Wetlands
; Wood fuels
; Environmental benefits
; Fauna
; Fertilisation
; Ground vegetation
; Heavy metal concentration
; Heavy metals in soil
; Monitoring periods
; Timber production
; Soil pollution
英文摘要: The increasing use of wood fuels to replace fossil fuels in energy and heat production results in increasing amounts of waste in the form of ash. Since wood ash contains nutrients that trees need in the right proportions, except for N, it is a potentially excellent forest fertiliser. However, any harmful elements, e.g., heavy metals are also concentrated in the ash, which has raised concern about possible adverse effects that ash fertilisation could induce in the environment. A considerable body of new results has been published on ash fertilisation impacts on, e.g., heavy metal concentrations in berries and mushrooms, ground vegetation, soil microbial processes, greenhouse gas emissions and watercourses. In this review, we synthesise this information to map the environmental benefits and risks related to ash fertilisation. We pay special attention to peatland forests, N-rich ecosystems where ash may induce considerable increases in timber production, but for which a thorough evaluation of environmental impacts has been lacking. The longest monitoring periods currently span more than five decades. In well-targeted sites, ash increases tree production and/or reduces soil acidity for decades. No enrichment of heavy metals in the food webs or leaching of heavy metals to watercourses has been reported. CO2 emissions increase in the longer term (10-50years), especially from N-rich peat soils. Also, changes in plant community may be so extensive that ash application cannot be recommended where conservation of the original vegetation is required. Immobilisation of heavy metals in soil depends on the neutralising effect of ash on soil acidity. The most crucial question that remains to be answered is how long this effect lasts, and what happens thereafter. Future research should investigate further whether heavy metals may accumulate in plant roots, even if above-ground parts remain unaffected. Finally, the duration of the impact of ash fertilisation on the nutrition of peatland trees, as well as optimal schedules of repeated fertilisations for different rotations, still need to be verified. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/65426
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 413 (Paavo Havaksen tie 3), Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Parkano Unit, Kaironiementie 15, Parkano, Finland; Vapo Oy, Elektroniikkatie 10 M2, P.O. Box 318, Oulu, Finland
Recommended Citation:
Huotari N.,Tillman-Sutela E.,Moilanen M.,et al. Recycling of ash - For the good of the environment?[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2015-01-01,348