DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.02.026
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84937761267
论文题名: Scarification and gap size have interacting effects on northern temperate seedling establishment
作者: Willis J.L. ; Walters M.B. ; Gottschalk K.W.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2015
卷: 347 起始页码: 237
结束页码: 246
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Diversity
; Gaps
; Germination
; Light
; Scarification
; Seedling
Scopus关键词: Cultivation
; Harvesting
; Light
; Paper
; Vegetation
; Diversity
; Gaps
; Germination
; Scarification
; Seedling
; Forestry
英文摘要: After decades focused on promoting economically valuable species, management of northern temperate forests has increasingly become focused on promoting tree species diversity. Unfortunately, many formerly common species that could contribute to diversity including yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) are now uncommon in the seedling layer, raising concerns about our ability to use these species to increase diversity. In this study, two related seed addition experiments conducted in 45 variably-sized harvest gaps (unharvested to 6500m2) in adjacent mesic northern hardwood stands, Emmet County, Michigan, USA were used to investigate mechanisms potentially limiting seedling recruitment. The first experiment examined the influence of light (i.e. harvest gap size), competing vegetation, and deer browsing on seedling survival for three years in a 2×2 factorial, where subplots were unfenced or fenced to exclude deer, unclipped or clipped to control competing vegetation, and located across the gradient of gap sizes. The second experiment explored the influence of scarification, light, and competing vegetation on germination and subsequent survival for 2years in a 2×2 factorial, in subplots that were unscarified or scarified to remove litter, unclipped or clipped to control competing vegetation, and located across the gradient of gap sizes. Eastern hemlock, paper birch, and yellow birch, all smaller-seeded species, were 12, 17, and 95 times more abundant in scarified plots compared to unscarified plots. In contrast, white pine, the largest-seeded species, was unaffected by scarification and had low overall germination. Shade tolerant hemlock and shade intolerant paper birch germinated at higher densities in lower light, smaller harvest gap environments, while both mid-tolerant species, white pine and yellow birch, were unaffected by light. Each species' initial survival significantly increased with increasing light availability, and with the exception of yellow birch, each species also survived at a significantly higher rate with increasing light availability. Paper birch and hemlock third year survival also increased with increasing light. By the end of the third growing season, only paper birch survival was negatively impacted by competition from vegetation and no species were affected by exposure to deer browse pressure. At the conclusion of the study, large group selection gaps (24-50m diameter) contained the highest density of each species except white pine, suggesting that large group selection gaps may provide the best opportunity for reestablishing this particular group of species in the seedling layer. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/65458
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Mississippi State University, Department of Forestry, 361 Thompson Hall, 775 Stone Blvd., Mississippi State, MS, United States; Michigan State University, Department of Forestry, 124 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI, United States; Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV, United States
Recommended Citation:
Willis J.L.,Walters M.B.,Gottschalk K.W.. Scarification and gap size have interacting effects on northern temperate seedling establishment[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2015-01-01,347