DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.12.024
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84921277460
论文题名: Estimating weathering rates using base cation budgets in a Norway spruce stand on podzolised soil: Analysis of fluxes and uncertainties
作者: Simonsson M. ; Bergholm J. ; Olsson B.A. ; Brömssen C.V. ; Öborn I.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2015
卷: 340 起始页码: 135
结束页码: 152
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Base cation
; Cation budget
; Combined standard uncertainty
; Forest ecosystem
; The Skogaby experiment
; Weathering rate
Scopus关键词: Biochemistry
; Budget control
; Calcium
; Deposition
; Ecology
; Ecosystems
; Errors
; Forestry
; Leaching
; Plants (botany)
; Positive ions
; Random errors
; Soils
; Sustainable development
; Systematic errors
; Voltage measurement
; Weathering
; Base cations
; Cation concentrations
; Forest ecosystem
; Picea Abies (L.) Karst
; Replicated measurements
; Standard uncertainty
; Temporal uncertainty
; Weathering rates
; Uncertainty analysis
; allometry
; bioaccumulation
; coniferous forest
; error analysis
; experimental study
; ion exchange
; Podzol
; sustainability
; weathering rate
; Cations
; Ecosystems
; Forests
; Standards
; Weathering
; Sweden
; Picea abies
英文摘要: Since forestry is often allocated to soils with a low weathering capacity, reliable estimates of weathering rates are crucial in analyses of sustainability, e.g. of whole-tree and stump harvesting. In the present study, weathering rates (kgha-1yr-1) for base cations were estimated using cation budgets in a replicated (n=4) experimental Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) plantation situated on a nutrient-poor glacial till in south-west Sweden and aged 25-39years during the study period. Weathering rates (central values) were 2.4, 1.4, 0.3 and 2.3kgha-1yr-1 for Ca, Mg, K and Na, respectively. However, weathering was a minor flux in the overall cycling of these cations in the ecosystem, and the confidence intervals of the weathering estimates had amplitudes that generally were greater than the central values. The overall uncertainties were divided into (i) regular standard errors of the mean, expressing spatial variability, sampling errors and random method-related errors in data from measurements replicated over the experimental plots ('Type A' uncertainties), and (ii) estimated standard uncertainties accounting for systematic errors of methods, and of uncertainties in variables, functions and factors not replicated over the plots ('Type B' uncertainties). For Ca and K, bioaccumulation dominated the overall uncertainty. Most (>90 %) of this uncertainty, in turn, was of Type A (between-plot variability in measured stem diameters and cation concentrations); the remainder resulted from Type B uncertainties in allometric functions etc. Hence, regular standard errors over plots yielded a correct level of uncertainty of weathering estimates for these ions at the studied site. For Mg and Na, however, deposition and leaching were large terms in the cation budget. Whereas the uncertainty in deposition was mostly taken into account by plot-wise replicated measurements of throughfall (Type A uncertainty), Type B uncertainties were crucial to the estimates of leaching. Due to the fact that uncertainties accumulate when terms are added and subtracted in a cation budget, it is difficult to predict the sustainability of the pools of exchangeable cations from estimated weathering rates; it may be better to measure them directly in the soil. However, in the studied ecosystem these had a rapid turnover (mean residence time, 1-4years), and underwent abrupt fluctuations over only a few years. A study performed during a limited time may therefore suffer from considerable temporal uncertainties, if the results are to be generalised for a longer period. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/65556
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7014, Uppsala, Sweden; Kantarellvägen 6, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Economics, Unit of Applied Statistics and Mathematics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7013, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Crop Production Ecology, SLU, P.O. Box 7043, Uppsala, Sweden; World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden
Recommended Citation:
Simonsson M.,Bergholm J.,Olsson B.A.,et al. Estimating weathering rates using base cation budgets in a Norway spruce stand on podzolised soil: Analysis of fluxes and uncertainties[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2015-01-01,340