DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.001
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84907504581
论文题名: Long-term dynamics of the characteristics of tree cavities used for nesting by vertebrates
作者: Edworthy A.B. ; Martin K.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2014
卷: 334 起始页码: 122
结束页码: 128
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cavity-nesting bird
; Keystone resource
; Nest site
; Secondary cavity-nester
; Tree cavity
; Woodpecker
Scopus关键词: Cavity-nesting birds
; Keystone resource
; Nest site
; Secondary cavity-nester
; Tree cavities
; Woodpecker
; bird
; diameter
; long-term change
; mammal
; nest site
; resource availability
; snag
; wildlife management
; Aves
; Vertebrata
英文摘要: Many cavity-nesting vertebrates rely on tree cavities for nesting, and these cavities are often a limiting resource. The availability of tree cavities depends on rates of formation, persistence, and degradation or change in characteristics (e.g., entrance area, chamber volume, level of decay). Understanding how cavity characteristics change over time is key to understanding the value of cavities for wildlife as they age. We measured physical characteristics of 960 tree cavities for up to 17years (2490 measures of cavity dimensions, involving 23 species of cavity-using vertebrates) to estimate rates of change in cavities in relation to their age, whether they were in living versus dead trees, and their formation agent. We also analyzed the effects of cavity expansion by renovators. Overall, we found that cavity depth increased by 0.35cmyr-1 (1.7%), horizontal depth increased by 0.09cmyr-1 (0.8%), cavity entrance diameter increased by 0.06cmyr-1 (1.2%), and the decay class of the cavity tree advanced by one category every 12.5years. Cavities in living trees increased in depth by 0.84cmyr-1 versus 0.14cmyr-1 in dead trees; both showed relatively small increases in entrance diameter, with a non-significant trend toward greater increase of entrance diameter in dead trees. Cavities excavated by northern flickers [Colaptes auratus] maintained relatively constant dimensions compared with those created by other excavators, although cavity trees selected by northern flickers decayed 3.3 times more rapidly than those selected by strong excavators (hairy woodpeckers [Picoides villosus], American three-toed woodpeckers [Picoides dorsalis], pileated woodpeckers [Dryocopus pileatus], and red-naped sapsuckers [Sphyrapicus nuchalis]). Northern flickers were the most frequent renovators with 13.5% of cavities they used renovated from cavities formed by other excavators or decay. Renovations by northern flickers increased cavity depth by a mean of 16.5±11.8cm. We show that cavities in living trees significantly increase in cavity volume as they age and likely increase in quality over time, while cavities in dead trees maintain relatively constant dimensions. Thus, retention of living trees as "wildlife trees" is at least as important as retention of dead trees (snags) to support a diverse community of cavity-nesting birds and mammals. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/65700
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Centre for Applied Conservation Research, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Building 116, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Environment Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, 5421 Robertson Road, RR1, Delta, BC, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Edworthy A.B.,Martin K.. Long-term dynamics of the characteristics of tree cavities used for nesting by vertebrates[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2014-01-01,334