DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.022
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84888137012
论文题名: Tree regeneration under high levels of wild ungulates: The use of chemically vs. physically-defended shrubs
作者: Perea R. ; Gil L.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2014
卷: 312 起始页码: 47
结束页码: 54
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Abiotic stress
; Browsing
; Mediterranean
; Quercus
; Restoration
; Shrub facilitation
Scopus关键词: Abiotic stress
; Browsing
; Mediterranean
; Quercus
; Shrub facilitation
; Image reconstruction
; Restoration
; Reforestation
; browsing
; chemical defense
; damage
; deciduous tree
; environmental restoration
; environmental stress
; facilitation
; physical defense
; regeneration
; seedling establishment
; shrub
; survival
; ungulate
; vegetation cover
; wild population
; Cervidae
; Quercus
; Quercus pyrenaica
; Suidae
; Sus scrofa
; Ungulata
英文摘要: Wild ungulate populations have increased dramatically in the last decades, limiting tree regeneration. However, how different types of shrubs (chemically vs. physically-defended) act as seedlings facilitators under different types of ungulate damage (browsing or rooting) remains largely unknown. Here, we integrate both biotic and abiotic stress to assess seedling survival in three microsites [open, under chemically-defended (aromatic) shrubs and under physically-defended (spiny) shrubs]. We studied seedling survival of a Mediterranean oak ( Quercus pyrenaica) for two contrasting levels of abiotic stress (dry vs. wet growing seasons) in environments where deer (Cervidae) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa) are abundant. After the first summer 24.7% of seedlings were still alive in a wet year whereas only 9.0% seedlings survived in a dry year. Seedling survival was higher under shrub cover, independently of the annual weather conditions and the shrub type. Shrubs, on average, reduced seedling mortality by ungulates approximately 75% in a wet year and only 50% in a dry year due to the greater and earlier impact of browsers (deer) in drier years, when preferred food (green grass) is scarce. Physically-defended shrubs prevent wild boar damage better than other microsites, reducing 35-59% boar damage in comparison to other types of shrubs and 70-77% in comparison to open microsites and, therefore, serve as good nurse shrubs in environments where wild boar are abundant. Physically-defended shrubs also worked well as defense against browsers at low abiotic stress (wet years) but diminished its efficiency in comparison to chemically-defended shrubs at high abiotic stress due to the greater browsing activity of deer on spiny shrubs in dry years. Thus, we recommend the use of chemically-defended shrubs as seedling protectors against browsers. Restoration efforts (e.g. reforestation) under high level of ungulates should take into account the type of ungulate damage (browsing vs. rooting) and the predominant type of shrub mechanism against herbivores (chemical vs. physical) to use shrub cover more efficiently in future restoration practices. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/66216
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Montes, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Recommended Citation:
Perea R.,Gil L.. Tree regeneration under high levels of wild ungulates: The use of chemically vs. physically-defended shrubs[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2014-01-01,312