DOI: 10.1002/grl.50107
论文题名: North American water and energy cycles
作者: Trenberth K.E. ; Fasullo J.T.
刊名: Geophysical Research Letters
ISSN: 0094-9377
EISSN: 1944-9108
出版年: 2013
卷: 40, 期: 2 起始页码: 365
结束页码: 369
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric moisture
; Dry static energy
; Gravity recovery and climate experiments
; Reliable estimates
; River discharge
; Soil temperature
; Top of atmospheres
; Water and energies
; Lasers
; Surface measurement
; Water supply
; Estimation
; energy budget
; evapotranspiration
; global change
; precipitation (climatology)
; river discharge
; snowmelt
; soil temperature
; streamflow
; time series
; water budget
; North America
英文摘要: Closure of the water and energy cycles for North America has been improved by combining several new data sets to provide an integrated view from 1979 to 2010. We use new global atmospheric reanalyses, top-of-atmosphere radiation, surface fluxes including evaporation E and precipitation P, streamflow and river discharge, and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment estimates of water storage and its tendency. The atmospheric moisture budget provides more reliable estimates and reproducible time series of E-P than separate estimates of E and P. The excess of P over E is greatest in winter largely because of changing evapotranspiration, whereas precipitation is largest in summer. The annual mean loss of energy to space of 33Wm-2 is compensated for nearly equally by transports of dry static energy and latent energy onto land. The annual cycle (amplitude of ∼20Wm-2) of implied downward surface flux corresponds to changes in surface and soil temperatures and seasonal snowmelt. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. URL: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874911192&doi=10.1002%2fgrl.50107&partnerID=40&md5=74c8b1e27843350e724515a9123590be
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/6641
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, United States
Recommended Citation:
Trenberth K.E.,Fasullo J.T.. North American water and energy cycles[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2013-01-01,40(2).