DOI: | 10.1016/j.tree.2016.04.009
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论文题名: | Heterarchies: Reconciling Networks and Hierarchies |
作者: | Cumming G.S.
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刊名: | Trends in Ecology and Evolution
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ISSN: | 1695347
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出版年: | 2016
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卷: | 31, 期:8 | 起始页码: | 622
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结束页码: | 632
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语种: | 英语
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英文关键词: | complex system
; governance
; heterarchy
; hierarchy theory
; network analysis
; social–ecological system
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Scopus关键词: | archaeology
; business
; governance approach
; hierarchical system
; network analysis
; neurology
; politics
; research work
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英文摘要: | Social–ecological systems research suffers from a disconnect between hierarchical (top-down or bottom-up) and network (peer-to-peer) analyses. The concept of the heterarchy unifies these perspectives in a single framework. Here, I review the history and application of ‘heterarchy’ in neuroscience, ecology, archaeology, multiagent control systems, business and organisational studies, and politics. Recognising complex system architecture as a continuum along vertical and lateral axes (‘flat versus hierarchical’ and ‘individual versus networked’) suggests four basic types of heterarchy: reticulated, polycentric, pyramidal, and individualistic. Each has different implications for system functioning and resilience. Systems can also shift predictably and abruptly between architectures. Heterarchies suggest new ways of contextualising and generalising from case studies and new methods for analysing complex structure–function relations. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd |
Citation statistics: |
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资源类型: | 期刊论文
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标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/67023
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Appears in Collections: | 全球变化的国际研究计划 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: | ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Recommended Citation: |
Cumming G.S.. Heterarchies: Reconciling Networks and Hierarchies[J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2016-01-01,31(8)
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