DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.002
论文题名: Evolutionary drivers for flightless, wing-propelled divers in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
作者: Ando T. ; Fordyce R.E.
刊名: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
ISSN: 0031-0182
出版年: 2014
卷: 400 起始页码: 50
结束页码: 61
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cenozoic
; Competitive displacement
; Diversity comparison
; Mancallinae
; Marine mammals
; Parallel extinction
; Pinguinus
; Plotopteridae
; Sphenisciformes
英文摘要: At least four clades of flightless wing-propelled diving birds evolved during the Cenozoic. The most successful, in terms of diversity and evolutionary duration, is the Sphenisciformes, or penguins, which still thrive in Southern Hemisphere waters. Three other groups are now extinct: Plotopteridae (Pelecaniformes); Mancallinae (Charadriiformes), or Lucas auks; and Pinguinus (Charadriiformes), or the Great Auk. Two clades include large species, the Plotopteridae, and the Sphenisciformes, in which extinct "giant" forms reached lengths and masses much larger than the living Aptenodytes forsteri (Emperor penguin). The extinction of flightless wing-propelled divers, especially giant forms, in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres has been linked to competitive displacement by co-evolving marine mammals. Such an idea is here assessed via taxonomic diversity (i.e., richness) trends from the fossil record reported in the Paleobiology Database. At global to basin scales, flightless divers and marine mammals indeed show contrasting patterns of diversity from the Chattian to the Aquitanian (late Oligocene to early Miocene: 28.4-20.43. Ma); diving birds decrease in diversity with increase in marine mammal diversity, especially Odontoceti. Long-term patterns are not compositional and do not result from scaling effects. Dietary overlap presumably played an important role in any competition, but this aspect is difficult to demonstrate. Marine mammals have similar diversity patterns to each other in both global and regional trends, implying a role for common evolutionary drivers as suggested previously for the evolution of crown Cetacea (or Neoceti). Flightless divers lack common diversity patterns, and show only partial negative correlations, as well as partial similarities, with marine mammal diversity trends. Thus, the evolution of flightless divers was probably governed by a mix of factors, rather than dominated by either physical or biotic drivers. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/69388
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Ashoro Museum of Paleontology, Konan 1-chome, Ashoro Cho, 089-3727 Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Geology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Recommended Citation:
Ando T.,Fordyce R.E.. Evolutionary drivers for flightless, wing-propelled divers in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,2014-01-01,400