DOI: 10.5194/tc-12-123-2018
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85040614073
论文题名: Detecting the permafrost carbon feedback: Talik formation and increased cold-season respiration as precursors to sink-to-source transitions
作者: Parazoo N ; C ; , Koven C ; D ; , Lawrence D ; M ; , Romanovsky V ; , Miller C ; E
刊名: Cryosphere
ISSN: 19940416
出版年: 2018
卷: 12, 期: 1 起始页码: 123
结束页码: 144
语种: 英语
英文关键词: carbon cycle
; carbon dioxide
; carbon emission
; carbon sink
; climate change
; permafrost
; seasonal variation
; soil carbon
; soil respiration
; source-sink dynamics
; terrestrial environment
; vegetation cover
; North America
; Siberia
英文摘要: Thaw and release of permafrost carbon (C) due to climate change is likely to offset increased vegetation C uptake in northern high-latitude (NHL) terrestrial ecosystems. Models project that this permafrost C feedback may act as a slow leak, in which case detection and attribution of the feedback may be difficult. The formation of talik, a subsurface layer of perennially thawed soil, can accelerate permafrost degradation and soil respiration, ultimately shifting the C balance of permafrost-affected ecosystems from long-term C sinks to long-term C sources. It is imperative to understand and characterize mechanistic links between talik, permafrost thaw, and respiration of deep soil C to detect and quantify the permafrost C feedback. Here, we use the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5, a permafrost and biogeochemistry model, in comparison to long-term deep borehole data along North American and Siberian transects, to investigate thaw-driven C sources in NHL ( > 55° N) from 2000 to 2300. Widespread talik at depth is projected across most of the NHL permafrost region (14 millionĝ€†km2) by 2300, 6.2 millionĝ€†km2 of which is projected to become a long-term C source, emitting 10 Pgĝ€†C by 2100, 50 Pgĝ€†C by 2200, and 120 Pgĝ€†C by 2300, with few signs of slowing. Roughly half of the projected C source region is in predominantly warm sub-Arctic permafrost following talik onset. This region emits only 20 Pgĝ€†C by 2300, but the CLM4.5 estimate may be biased low by not accounting for deep C in yedoma. Accelerated decomposition of deep soil C following talik onset shifts the ecosystem C balance away from surface dominant processes (photosynthesis and litter respiration), but sink-to-source transition dates are delayed by 20-200 years by high ecosystem productivity, such that talik peaks early ( ĝ1/4 2050s, although borehole data suggest sooner) and C source transition peaks late ( ĝ1/4 2150-2200). The remaining C source region in cold northern Arctic permafrost, which shifts to a net source early (late 21st century), emits 5 times more C (95 Pgĝ€†C) by 2300, and prior to talik formation due to the high decomposition rates of shallow, young C in organic-rich soils coupled with low productivity. Our results provide important clues signaling imminent talik onset and C source transition, including (1) late cold-season (January-February) soil warming at depth ( ĝ1/4 2 m), (2) increasing cold-season emissions (November-April), and (3) enhanced respiration of deep, old C in warm permafrost and young, shallow C in organic-rich cold permafrost soils. Our results suggest a mosaic of processes that govern carbon source-to-sink transitions at high latitudes and emphasize the urgency of monitoring soil thermal profiles, organic C age and content, cold-season CO2 emissions, and atmospheric 14CO2 as key indicators of the permafrost C feedback. © Author(s) 2018. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/75442
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Geophysical Institute UAF, Fairbanks, AK, United States
Recommended Citation:
Parazoo N,C,, Koven C,et al. Detecting the permafrost carbon feedback: Talik formation and increased cold-season respiration as precursors to sink-to-source transitions[J]. Cryosphere,2018-01-01,12(1)