DOI: 10.5194/tc-11-989-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85018481659
论文题名: Process-level model evaluation: A snow and heat transfer metric
作者: Slater A ; G ; , Lawrence D ; M ; , Koven C ; D
刊名: Cryosphere
ISSN: 19940416
出版年: 2017
卷: 11, 期: 2 起始页码: 989
结束页码: 996
语种: 英语
英文关键词: air temperature
; climate forcing
; CMIP
; cooling
; depth
; diffusion
; heat flux
; heat transfer
; insulation
; model test
; seasonality
; snow
; snowpack
; soil temperature
英文摘要: Land models require evaluation in order to understand results and guide future development. Examining functional relationships between model variables can provide insight into the ability of models to capture fundamental processes and aid in minimizing uncertainties or deficiencies in model forcing. This study quantifies the proficiency of land models to appropriately transfer heat from the soil through a snowpack to the atmosphere during the cooling season (Northern Hemisphere: October-March). Using the basic physics of heat diffusion, we investigate the relationship between seasonal amplitudes of soil versus air temperatures due to insulation from seasonal snow. Observations demonstrate the anticipated exponential relationship of attenuated soil temperature amplitude with increasing snow depth and indicate that the marginal influence of snow insulation diminishes beyond an "effective snow depth" of about 50 cm. A snow and heat transfer metric (SHTM) is developed to quantify model skill compared to observations. Land models within the CMIP5 experiment vary widely in SHTM scores, and deficiencies can often be traced to model structural weaknesses. The SHTM value for individual models is stable over 150 years of climate, 1850-2005, indicating that the metric is insensitive to climate forcing and can be used to evaluate each model's representation of the insulation process. © Author(s) 2017. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/75567
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: NSIDC, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Slater A,G,, Lawrence D,et al. Process-level model evaluation: A snow and heat transfer metric[J]. Cryosphere,2017-01-01,11(2)