DOI: 10.5194/tc-11-891-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85017318155
论文题名: Determination of snowmaking efficiency on a ski slope from observations and modelling of snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation
作者: Spandre P ; , François H ; , Thibert E ; , Morin S ; , George-Marcelpoil E
刊名: Cryosphere
ISSN: 19940416
出版年: 2017
卷: 11, 期: 2 起始页码: 891
结束页码: 909
语种: 英语
英文关键词: adaptive management
; GPS
; industrial technology
; machinery
; recreational activity
; recreational facility
; recreational management
; seasonality
; slope
; snow accumulation
; snowpack
; Alps
; France
英文摘要: The production of Machine Made (MM) snow is now generalized in ski resorts and represents the most common method of adaptation for mitigating the impact of a lack of snow on skiing. Most investigations of correlations between snow conditions and the ski industry's economy focus on the production of MM snow though not one of these has taken into account the efficiency of the snowmaking process. The present study consists of observations of snow conditions (depth and mass) using a Differential GPS method and snow density coring, following snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation in Les Deux Alpes ski resort (French Alps). A detailed physically based snowpack model accounting for grooming and snowmaking was used to compute the seasonal evolution of the snowpack and compared to the observations. Our results show that approximately 30% of the water mass can be recovered as MM snow within 10m from the center of a MM snow pile after production and 50% within 20m. Observations and simulations on the ski slope were relatively consistent with 60% (±10%) of the water mass used for snowmaking within the limits of the ski slope. Losses due to thermodynamic effects were estimated in the current case example to be less than 10% of the total water mass. These results suggest that even in ideal conditions for production a significant fraction of the water used for snowmaking can not be found as MM snow within the limits of the ski slope with most of the missing fraction of water. This is due to site dependent characteristics (e.g. meteorological conditions, topography). © 2017 Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/75574
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, France; Météo-France-CNRS, CNRM UMR 3589, Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Grenoble, France
Recommended Citation:
Spandre P,, François H,, Thibert E,et al. Determination of snowmaking efficiency on a ski slope from observations and modelling of snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation[J]. Cryosphere,2017-01-01,11(2)