DOI: 10.1002/2013MS000270
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84899097230
论文题名: Radiative-convective instability
作者: Emanuel K ; , Wing A ; A ; , Vincent E ; M
刊名: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
ISSN: 19422466
出版年: 2014
卷: 6, 期: 1 起始页码: 75
结束页码: 90
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Greenhouse gases
; Heat convection
; Heat radiation
; Troposphere
; Water vapor
; Cloud system-resolving models
; Finite-amplitude perturbations
; Overturning circulation
; Radiative-convective equilibrium
; Sea surface temperature (SST)
; Self aggregation
; Sub-critical bifurcations
; Upper tropospheric water vapors
; Stability
; atmospheric convection
; clear sky
; cooling
; energy flux
; greenhouse ecosystem
; high temperature
; overturn
; radiative forcing
; sea surface temperature
; solar radiation
; tropical cyclone
; troposphere
; water vapor
英文摘要: Radiative-moist-convective equilibrium (RCE) is a simple paradigm for the statistical equilibrium the earth's climate would exhibit in the absence of lateral energy transport. It has generally been assumed that for a given solar forcing and long-lived greenhouse gas concentration, such a state would be unique, but recent work suggests that more than one stable equilibrium may be possible. Here we show that above a critical specified sea surface temperature, the ordinary RCE state becomes linearly unstable to large-scale overturning circulations. The instability migrates the RCE state toward one of the two stable equilibria first found by Raymond and Zeng (2000). It occurs when the clear-sky infrared opacity of the lower troposphere becomes so large, owing to high water vapor concentration, that variations of the radiative cooling of the lower troposphere are governed principally by variations in upper tropospheric water vapor. We show that the instability represents a subcritical bifurcation of the ordinary RCE state, leading to either a dry state with large-scale descent, or to a moist state with mean ascent; these states may be accessed by finite amplitude perturbations to ordinary RCE in the subcritical state, or spontaneously in the supercritical state. As first suggested by Raymond (2000) and Sobel et al. (2007), the latter corresponds to the phenomenon of self-aggregation of moist convection, taking the form of cloud clusters or tropical cyclones. We argue that the nonrobustness of self-aggregation in cloud system resolving models may be an artifact of running such models close to the critical temperature for instability. Key Points Radiative-convective equilibrium becomes unstable at high temperature ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/76099
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Emanuel K,, Wing A,A,et al. Radiative-convective instability[J]. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,2014-01-01,6(1)