DOI: 10.1002/wcc.465
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85019160391
论文题名: Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global climate models
作者: Ceppi P ; , Brient F ; , Zelinka M ; D ; , Hartmann D ; L
刊名: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
ISSN: 17577780
出版年: 2017
卷: 8, 期: 4 语种: 英语
英文关键词: Atmospheric thermodynamics
; Boundary layer flow
; Boundary layers
; Budget control
; Carbon dioxide
; Climate change
; Feedback
; Optical properties
; Troposphere
; Upper atmosphere
; Cloud microphysics
; Cloud optical depth
; Fixed temperature
; Global climate model
; High-resolution models
; Radiative cooling
; Top of atmospheres
; Tropospheric clouds
; Climate models
; air temperature
; carbon dioxide
; climate modeling
; cloud cover
; cloud microphysics
; general circulation model
; global climate
; optical depth
英文摘要: Cloud feedback—the change in top-of-atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate response to CO2 forcing simulated by global climate models (GCMs). We review the main mechanisms for cloud feedbacks, and discuss their representation in climate models and the sources of intermodel spread. Global-mean cloud feedback in GCMs results from three main effects: (1) rising free-tropospheric clouds (a positive longwave effect); (2) decreasing tropical low cloud amount (a positive shortwave [SW] effect); (3) increasing high-latitude low cloud optical depth (a negative SW effect). These cloud responses simulated by GCMs are qualitatively supported by theory, high-resolution modeling, and observations. Rising high clouds are consistent with the fixed anvil temperature (FAT) hypothesis, whereby enhanced upper-tropospheric radiative cooling causes anvil cloud tops to remain at a nearly fixed temperature as the atmosphere warms. Tropical low cloud amount decreases are driven by a delicate balance between the effects of vertical turbulent fluxes, radiative cooling, large-scale subsidence, and lower-tropospheric stability on the boundary-layer moisture budget. High-latitude low cloud optical depth increases are dominated by phase changes in mixed-phase clouds. The causes of intermodel spread in cloud feedback are discussed, focusing particularly on the role of unresolved parameterized processes such as cloud microphysics, turbulence, and convection. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e465. doi: 10.1002/wcc.465. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/76170
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France; Cloud Processes Research Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Ceppi P,, Brient F,, Zelinka M,et al. Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global climate models[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,2017-01-01,8(4)