globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1002/wcc.147
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-80855130978
论文题名:
Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data
作者: Zhang X; , Alexander L; , Hegerl G; C; , Jones P; , Tank A; K; , Peterson T; C; , Trewin B; , Zwiers F; W
刊名: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
ISSN: 17577780
出版年: 2011
卷: 2, 期:6
起始页码: 851
结束页码: 870
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Technology ; Climate variability ; Daily temperatures ; Human influences ; Local conditions ; Meteorological variables ; Monitoring change ; Physically based ; Precipitation data ; Climate models
英文摘要: Indices for climate variability and extremes have been used for a long time, often by assessing days with temperature or precipitation observations above or below specific physically-based thresholds. While these indices provided insight into local conditions, few physically based thresholds have relevance in all parts of the world. Therefore, indices of extremes evolved over time and now often focus on relative thresholds that describe features in the tails of the distributions of meteorological variables. In order to help understand how extremes are changing globally, a subset of the wide range of possible indices is now being coordinated internationally which allows the results of studies from different parts of the world to fit together seamlessly. This paper reviews these as well as other indices of extremes and documents the obstacles to robustly calculating and analyzing indices and the methods developed to overcome these obstacles. Gridding indices are necessary in order to compare observations with climate model output. However, gridding indices from daily data are not always straightforward because averaging daily information from many stations tends to dampen gridded extremes. The paper describes recent progress in attribution of the changes in gridded indices of extremes that demonstrates human influence on the probability of extremes. The paper also describes model projections of the future and wraps up with a discussion of ongoing efforts to refine indices of extremes as they are being readied to contribute to the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/76469
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性
气候变化与战略

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作者单位: Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; Climate Change Research Centre, ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands; National Climate Data Center, NOAA, Asheville, NC, United States; National Climate Centre, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

Recommended Citation:
Zhang X,, Alexander L,, Hegerl G,et al. Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,2011-01-01,2(6)
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