DOI: 10.1002/gbc.20066
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84881517715
论文题名: Reconciling the differences between top-down and bottom-up estimates of nitrous oxide emissions for the U.S. Corn Belt
作者: Griffis T ; J ; , Lee X ; , Baker J ; M ; , Russelle M ; P ; , Zhang X ; , Venterea R ; , Millet D ; B
刊名: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
ISSN: 8866236
出版年: 2013
卷: 27, 期: 3 起始页码: 746
结束页码: 754
语种: 英语
英文关键词: agriculture
; emission factors
; greenhouse gas mitigation
; nitrogen cycle
; nitrous oxide
; U.S. Corn Belt
Scopus关键词: Concentration Measurement
; Emission factors
; Global warming potential
; Greenhouse gas mitigation
; Intergovernmental panel on climate changes
; Nitrogen cycles
; Nitrous oxide
; Stratospheric ozone depletion
; Agriculture
; Cultivation
; Global warming
; Greenhouse gases
; Nitrogen
; Nitrogen oxides
; Towers
; Estimation
; anthropogenic source
; emission
; emission inventory
; flux measurement
; global warming
; greenhouse gas
; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
; landscape
; nitrogen cycle
; nitrous oxide
; ozone depletion
; stratosphere
; trophic control
; United States
; Zea mays
英文摘要: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas with a large global warming potential and is a major cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. Croplands are the dominant source of N2O, but mitigation strategies have been limited by the large uncertainties in both direct and indirect emission factors (EFs) implemented in "bottom-up" emission inventories. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommends EFs ranging from 0.75% to 2% of the anthropogenic nitrogen (N) input for the various N2O pathways in croplands. Consideration of the global N budget yields a much higher EF ranging between 3.8% and 5.1% of the anthropogenic N input. Here we use 2 years of hourly high-precision N 2O concentration measurements on a very tall tower to evaluate the IPCC bottom-up and global "top-down" EFs for a large representative subsection of the United States Corn Belt, a vast region spanning the U.S. Midwest that is dominated by intensive N inputs to support corn cultivation. Scaling up these results indicates that agricultural sources in the Corn Belt released 420±50 Gg N (mean ±1 standard deviation; 1 Gg =10 9 g) in 2010, in close agreement with the top-down estimate of 350±50 Gg N and 80% larger than the bottom-up estimate based on the IPCC EFs (230 ± 180 Gg N). The large difference between the tall tower measurement and the bottom-up estimate implies the existence of N2O emission hot spots or missing sources within the landscape that are not fully accounted for in the IPCC and other bottom-up emission inventories. Reconciling these differences is an important step toward developing a practical mitigation strategy for N2O. Key Points N2O emissions were estimated from a 244 m tall tower located in the US Corn BeltTall tower flux estimates were 2 to 9-fold greater than bottom-up inventoriesInventories may be biased low because they underestimate indirect emissions ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/77590
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; USDA-ARS, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States; Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
Recommended Citation:
Griffis T,J,, Lee X,et al. Reconciling the differences between top-down and bottom-up estimates of nitrous oxide emissions for the U.S. Corn Belt[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2013-01-01,27(3)