globalchange  > 气候变化事实与影响
DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-4213-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85028619783
论文题名:
Halon-1301-further evidence of its performance as an age tracer in New Zealand groundwater
作者: Beyer M; , Morgenstern U; , Van Der Raaij R; , Martindale H
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 10275606
出版年: 2017
卷: 21, 期:8
起始页码: 4213
结束页码: 4231
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Aquifers ; Chlorofluorocarbons ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Groundwater resources ; Halon ; Polyols ; Sulfur hexafluoride ; Tritium ; Water pollution ; Contaminated sites ; Contaminated water ; Elevated concentrations ; Groundwater ages ; Groundwater conditions ; Groundwater environment ; Groundwater sites ; Mean residence time ; Groundwater pollution ; anoxic conditions ; aquifer ; CFC ; concentration (composition) ; degradation ; groundwater ; groundwater pollution ; oxic conditions ; reduction ; tracer ; tritium ; New Zealand
英文摘要: We recently discovered a new groundwater age tracer, Halon-1301, which can be used to date groundwater recharged after the 1970s. In a previous study, we showed that Halon-1301 reliably inferred groundwater age at the majority of groundwater sites studied. At those sites, ages inferred from Halon-1301 agreed with those inferred from SF6 and tritium, two reliable widely applied groundwater age tracers. A few samples, however, showed reduced concentrations of Halon-1301, preventing meaningful age interpretation from its concentration. These reduced concentrations were likely a result of degradation or retardation of Halon-1301 in the aquifer. However, we could not provide full evidence for this due to the limited number of groundwater samples analysed (18 in total). In this study, we assess the potential of Halon-1301 as a groundwater age tracer for a larger dataset of groundwater samples under specific groundwater conditions, including highly anoxic young groundwater which can significantly degrade Halon-1301, to gain more information on the magnitude of occurrence and the causes of reduced Halon-1301 concentrations.

In this study, we analysed 302 groundwater samples for Halon-1301, SF6, tritium and the CFCs CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113. Comparison of age information inferred from the concentrations of these tracers allows assessment of the performance of Halon-1301 compared to other well established and widely used age tracers. The samples are taken from different groundwater environments in New Zealand and include anoxic and oxic waters with mean residence times ranging from 2 years to over 150 years (tritium-free). The majority of assessed samples have reduced or elevated concentrations of CFCs, which makes it impossible to infer a reliable age using the CFCs for these samples. Halon-1301, however, reliably infers ages for CFC-contaminated waters. Three other groundwater samples were found to have elevated SF6 concentrations (contaminated). Again, at these SF6-contaminated sites, ages inferred from Halon-1301 agree with ages inferred from tritium. A few samples (14 sites) exhibit reduced concentrations of Halon-1301, which result in elevated inferred Halon-1301 ages in comparison to those inferred from SF6, tritium and/or CFC-113. Assessment of the groundwater environment at these sites gives further insight into the potential causes of Halon-1301 reduction in groundwater. Overall, Halon-1301 gives age information that matches ages inferred from SF6 and/or tritium for the majority (97-%) of the assessed groundwater sites. These findings suggest that Halon-1301 is a reasonably reliable groundwater age tracer, and is in particular significantly more reliable than the CFCs, which may have contamination and degradation problems. Halon-1301 thus has potential to become a useful groundwater age tracer where SF6 and the CFCs are compromised, and where additional independent tracers are needed to constrain complex mixing models. © 2017 Author(s).
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/79081
Appears in Collections:气候变化事实与影响

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作者单位: GNS Science, P.O. Box 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

Recommended Citation:
Beyer M,, Morgenstern U,, Van Der Raaij R,et al. Halon-1301-further evidence of its performance as an age tracer in New Zealand groundwater[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017-01-01,21(8)
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