globalchange  > 气候变化事实与影响
DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-779-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85012085346
论文题名:
The residence time of water in the atmosphere revisited
作者: Van Der Ent R; J; , Tuinenburg O; A
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 10275606
出版年: 2017
卷: 21, 期:2
起始页码: 779
结束页码: 790
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Evaporation ; Moisture ; Probability density function ; Probability distributions ; Atmospheric moisture ; Atmospheric residence time ; Average residence time ; Hydrological cycles ; Long-tailed distributions ; Mean residence time ; Northern Hemispheres ; Temporal characteristics ; Residence time distribution ; atmospheric moisture ; evaporation ; hydrological cycle ; precipitation intensity ; probability density function ; residence time ; spatiotemporal analysis ; temperature effect ; tracking
英文摘要: This paper revisits the knowledge on the residence time of water in the atmosphere. Based on state-of-the-art data of the hydrological cycle we derive a global average residence time of 8.9 ± 0.4 days (uncertainty given as 1 standard deviation). We use two different atmospheric moisture tracking models (WAM-2layers and 3D-T) to obtain atmospheric residence time characteristics in time and space. The tracking models estimate the global average residence time to be around 8.5 days based on ERA-Interim data. We conclude that the statement of a recent study that the global average residence time of water in the atmosphere is 4-5 days, is not correct. We derive spatial maps of residence time, attributed to evaporation and precipitation, and age of atmospheric water, showing that there are different ways of looking at temporal characteristics of atmospheric water. Longer evaporation residence times often indicate larger distances towards areas of high precipitation. From our analysis we find that the residence time over the ocean is about 2 days less than over land. It can be seen that in winter, the age of atmospheric moisture tends to be much lower than in summer. In the Northern Hemisphere, due to the contrast in ocean-to-land temperature and associated evaporation rates, the age of atmospheric moisture increases following atmospheric moisture flow inland in winter, and decreases in summer. Looking at the probability density functions of atmospheric residence time for precipitation and evaporation, we find long-tailed distributions with the median around 5 days. Overall, our research confirms the 8–10-day traditional estimate for the global mean residence time of atmospheric water, and our research contributes to a more complete view of the characteristics of the turnover of water in the atmosphere in time and space. © Author(s) 2017.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/79266
Appears in Collections:气候变化事实与影响

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作者单位: Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

Recommended Citation:
Van Der Ent R,J,, Tuinenburg O,et al. The residence time of water in the atmosphere revisited[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017-01-01,21(2)
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