DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2017.1341372
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85026523351
论文题名: Fairness in the climate negotiations: what explains variation in parties’ expressed conceptions?
作者: Tørstad V ; , Sælen H
刊名: Climate Policy
ISSN: 1469-3062
EISSN: 1752-7457
出版年: 2018
卷: 18, 期: 5 起始页码: 642
结束页码: 654
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Equity
; fairness
; justice
; negotiations
; Paris Agreement
; UNFCCC
Scopus学科分类: nvironmental Science: General Environmental Science
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Atmospheric Science
英文摘要: How to differentiate efforts and obligations fairly between countries has been among the most central and controversial issues in climate negotiations. This article analyses countries’ fairness conceptions as expressed in position documents submitted during negotiations leading to the Paris Agreement. A regression analysis investigates which country characteristics predict relative support for three fundamental fairness principles–Responsibility, Capability and Rights (needs). The most consistent and important explanatory variable turns out to be whether a country is included in Annex I to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which lists developed countries. This finding is compatible with the hypothesis that parties invoke fairness principles with the goal of advancing their own interests: non-Annex I parties wanted this particular scheme of differentiation to be upheld in the Paris Agreement, whereas Annex I parties advocated its removal. Notably, the outcome in Paris omits references to Annex I. However, the Agreement does contain multiple references to ‘developed’ versus ‘developing’ countries, hence introducing a more subtle and ambiguous differentiation than before. Post-Paris, seemingly technical discussions have encountered ‘roadblocks’ that partially derive from how the Agreement resolved the issue of differentiation between developed and developing countries. It therefore appears that negotiators will have to continue to deal with this issue, even though it may take on a new dynamic now that the Annex I division has less force. Looking for pragmatic solutions tailored to each substantive agenda point will be likely more fruitful than discussions at the level of fairness principles aiming for one overarching solution. Policy relevance Arguments supported by reference to fairness principles play an important role in the discourse on international climate cooperation. Understanding how fairness conceptions vary between countries–and what background variables explain this variation–is crucial for understanding the negotiation process and outcomes, and for identifying which institutional arrangements are universally acceptable. This understanding is particularly relevant for current negotiations on the modalities for the ‘global stocktake’–a process set up to assess collective progress every five years ‘in the light of equity and best available science’. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/80141
Appears in Collections: 科学计划与规划
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作者单位: Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute–Florence, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy; CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Recommended Citation:
Tørstad V,, Sælen H. Fairness in the climate negotiations: what explains variation in parties’ expressed conceptions?[J]. Climate Policy,2018-01-01,18(5)