DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2016.1164658
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84974687892
论文题名: Compliance of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in the first commitment period
作者: Shishlov I ; , Morel R ; , Bellassen V
刊名: Climate Policy
ISSN: 1469-3062
EISSN: 1752-7457
出版年: 2016
卷: 16, 期: 6 起始页码: 768
结束页码: 782
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Carbon accounting
; carbon emissions trading
; compliance
; GHG emissions
; Kyoto Protocol
Scopus关键词: emission inventory
; emissions trading
; environmental economics
; greenhouse gas
; Kyoto Protocol
; policy implementation
; pollution tax
; Canada
; United States
Scopus学科分类: nvironmental Science: General Environmental Science
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Atmospheric Science
英文摘要: This article provides an ex post analysis of the compliance of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol during the first commitment period (2008–2012) based on the final data for national GHG emissions and exchanges in carbon units that became available at the end of 2015. On the domestic level, among the 36 countries that fully participated in the Kyoto Protocol, only nine countries emitted higher levels of GHGs than committed and therefore had to resort to flexibility mechanisms. On the international level – i.e. after the use of flexibility mechanisms – all Annex B Parties are in compliance. Countries implemented different compliance strategies: purchasing carbon units abroad, stimulating the domestic use of carbon credits by the private sector and incentivizing domestic emission reductions through climate policies. Overall, the countries party to the Protocol surpassed their aggregate commitment by an average 2.4 GtCO2e yr–1. Of the possible explanations for this overachievement, ‘hot-air’ was estimated at 2.2 GtCO2e yr–1, while accounting rules for land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) further removed 0.4 GtCO2e yr–1 from the net result excluding LULUCF. The hypothetical participation of the US and Canada would have reduced this overachievement by a net 1 GtCO2e yr–1. None of these factors – some of which may be deemed illegitimate – would therefore on its own have led to global non-compliance, even without use of the 0.3 GtCO2e of annual emissions reductions generated by the Clean Development Mechanism. The impact of domestic policies and ‘carbon leakage’ – neither of which is quantitatively assessed here – should not be neglected either. Policy relevance Given the ongoing evolution of the international climate regime and the adoption of the Paris Agreement in December 2015, we believe that there is a need to evaluate the results of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. To our knowledge there has been no overarching quantitative ex post assessment of the Kyoto Protocol based on the final emissions data for 2008–2012, which became available in late 2015. This article attempts to fill this gap, focusing on the domestic and international compliance of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in the first commitment period. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/80344
Appears in Collections: 科学计划与规划
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作者单位: I4CE - Institute for Climate Economics, Paris, France; CIRED (Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement), Nogent-sur-Marne, France; INRA, UMR1041 CESAER, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
Recommended Citation:
Shishlov I,, Morel R,, Bellassen V. Compliance of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in the first commitment period[J]. Climate Policy,2016-01-01,16(6)