| DOI: | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.051
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| Scopus记录号: | 2-s2.0-84907697617
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| 论文题名: | Inventory and mitigation opportunities for HFC-134a emissions from nonprofessional automotive service |
| 作者: | Zhan T; , Potts W; , Collins J; F; , Austin J
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| 刊名: | Atmospheric Environment
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| ISSN: | 0168-2563
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| EISSN: | 1573-515X
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| 出版年: | 2014
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| 卷: | 99 | | 起始页码: | 17
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| 结束页码: | 23
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 英文关键词: | Emission inventory
; Greenhouse gas
; HFC-134a
; Mitigation
; Motor vehicle air conditioning
; Nonprofessional service
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| Scopus关键词: | Emission inventories
; HFC-134A
; Mitigation
; Motor vehicle
; Nonprofessional service
; Greenhouse gases
; carbon dioxide
; norflurane
; air conditioning
; automobile industry
; emission inventory
; global warming
; greenhouse gas
; hydrofluorocarbon
; mitigation
; recycling
; air conditioning
; Article
; carbon footprint
; chemical labeling
; commercial phenomena
; consumer
; container
; controlled study
; education program
; greenhouse effect
; health education
; human
; motor vehicle
; nonprofessional automotive service
; recycling
; reduction
; regulatory mechanism
; self sealing valve
; United States
; utility works, appliances and services
; valve
; California
; United States
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| Scopus学科分类: | Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
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| 英文摘要: | Many vehicle owners in the United States recharge their vehicles' air conditioning systems with small containers of hydrofluorocarbon-134a (HFC-134a, CH2FCF3), at a frequency estimated to be once every year on average. Such nonprofessional service produces immediate emissions of this potent greenhouse gas during service and from the residual heel in partially used containers. The nonprofessional operations are also associated with increased delayed refrigerant emissions that occur because owners are less likely to repair leaks than professional technicians. In California, an estimated 1.3 million nonprofessional service operations performed each year generate 0.27±0.07 million metric ton CO2 equivalent (MMTCO2e) of immediate emissions and 0.54±0.08 MMTCO2e of delayed emissions, using a Global Warming Potential of 1300 for HFC-134a. The immediate emissions can be largely mitigated by a regulation that requires self-sealing valves and improved labeling instructions on the containers, a deposit-return-recycling program for the containers, and a consumer education program. If 95% of the used containers were to be returned by consumers for recycling of the container heel, the annual immediate emissions would be reduced by 0.26±0.07 MMTCO2e. In the United States, an estimated 24 million nonprofessional service operations are performed each year, generating 5.1±1.4 MMTCO2e of immediate emissions and 10.4±1.5 MMTCO2e of delayed emissions. Mitigation measures equivalent to the California regulation would reduce nationwide immediate emissions by 4.9±1.4 MMTCO2e, if 95% of the used cans were returned for recycling. These business-as-usual emissions and mitigation potentials are projected to stay approximately constant until around 2022, and remain at significant levels into the 2030s. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. |
| Citation statistics: |
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/80516
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| Appears in Collections: | 气候变化事实与影响
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There are no files associated with this item.
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作者单位: | California Air Resources Board, 1001 I Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, CA, United States
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Zhan T,, Potts W,, Collins J,et al. Inventory and mitigation opportunities for HFC-134a emissions from nonprofessional automotive service[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014-01-01,99
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