DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.003
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84886256319
论文题名: A review of chamber experiments for determining specific emission rates and investigating migration pathways of flame retardants
作者: Rauert C ; , Lazarov B ; , Harrad S ; , Covaci A ; , Stranger M
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2014
卷: 82 起始页码: 44
结束页码: 55
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Emission chamber
; Flame retardants
; Mass transfer to dust
; Specific emission rate
Scopus关键词: Brominated flame retardants
; Emission rates
; Hexabromocyclododecanes
; Indoor microenvironments
; Organophosphate flame retardants
; Physicochemical property
; Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs)
; Steady-state condition
; Experiments
; Flame retardants
; Mass transfer
; Organic pollutants
; Particulate emissions
; Dust
; flame retardant
; glass
; hexabromocyclododecane
; organic carbon
; organophosphate
; phthalic acid
; polybrominated diphenyl ether
; stainless steel
; tetrabromobisphenol A
; atmospheric pollution
; chemical composition
; critical analysis
; dust
; emission inventory
; experimental study
; indoor air
; pollutant transport
; pollution exposure
; airborne particle
; airflow
; ambient air
; contamination
; dust
; human
; humidity
; microenvironment
; physical chemistry
; priority journal
; review
; temperature
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: The widespread use of flame retardants (FRs) in indoor products has led to their ubiquitous distribution within indoor microenvironments with many studies reporting concentrations in indoor air and dust. Little information is available however on emission of these compounds to air, particularly the measurement of specific emission rates (SERs), or the migration pathways leading to dust contamination. Such knowledge gaps hamper efforts to develop understanding of human exposure. This review summarizes published data on SERs of the following FRs released from treated products: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), including a brief discussion of the methods used to derive these SERs. Also reviewed are published studies that utilize emission chambers for investigations/measurements of mass transfer of FRs to dust, discussing the chamber configurations and methods used for these experiments. A brief review of studies investigating correlations between concentrations detected in indoor air/dust and possible sources in the microenvironment is included along with efforts to model contamination of indoor environments. Critical analysis of the literature reveals that the major limitations with utilizing chambers to derive SERs for FRs arise due to the physicochemical properties of FRs. In particular, increased partitioning to chamber surfaces, airborne particles and dust, causes loss through "sink" effects and results in long times to reach steady state conditions inside the chamber. The limitations of chamber experiments are discussed as well as their potential for filling gaps in knowledge in this area. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/80835
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
Recommended Citation:
Rauert C,, Lazarov B,, Harrad S,et al. A review of chamber experiments for determining specific emission rates and investigating migration pathways of flame retardants[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014-01-01,82