DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.019
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84905861745
论文题名: Sources of nitrate in stratocumulus cloud water: Airborne measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE and 2013 NiCE studies
作者: Prabhakar G ; , Ervens B ; , Wang Z ; , Maudlin L ; C ; , Coggon M ; M ; , Jonsson H ; H ; , Seinfeld J ; H ; , Sorooshian A
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2014
卷: 97 起始页码: 166
结束页码: 173
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Biomass burning
; Chloride depletion
; Cloud water
; Marine
; Sea-salt
; Stratocumulus
Scopus关键词: Chlorine compounds
; Clouds
; Drops
; Experiments
; Nucleation
; Ships
; Surface measurement
; Biomass-burning
; Chloride depletion
; Cloud water
; Marine
; Sea salts
; Stratocumulus
; Aerosols
; nitrate
; chloride
; cloud water
; oxalic acid
; silicon
; sodium
; sodium chloride
; sulfate
; unclassified drug
; water
; airborne sensing
; biomass burning
; concentration (composition)
; inorganic compound
; nitrate
; pollutant source
; sea salt
; stratocumulus
; aerosol
; air analysis
; article
; biomass
; cloud
; concentration (parameters)
; limit of detection
; Pacific Ocean
; particle size
; priority journal
; spatiotemporal analysis
; summer
; surface property
; United States
; water content
; wet deposition
; air pollution
; altitude
; Article
; chemical composition
; evaporation
; fire
; gas
; oxidation
; plume
; seashore
; ship
; smoke
; stratocumulus cloud
; volatilization
; water vapor
; Pacific Ocean
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: This study examines the sources of NO3- in stratocumulus clouds over the eastern Pacific Ocean off the California coast using airborne and surface measurement data from the Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE; 2011) and Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE; 2013). Average NO3- air-equivalent concentrations in cloud water samples categorized as having been influenced by ship exhaust (2.5μgm-3), strong marine emissions (2.5μgm-3) and fires (2.0μgm-3) were more than twice that in the background cloud water (0.9μgm-3). During periods when biomass burning plumes resided above cloud top, 16 of 29 cloud water samples were impacted due to instability in the entrainment interface layer with NO3- levels reaching as high as 9.0μgm-3. Nucleation scavenging of chloride depleted sea-salt is a source of cloud water NO3-, with the lowest Cl-:Na+ ratio (1.5) observed in ship-influenced samples. Surface aerosol measurements show that NO3- concentrations peak in the particle diameter range of 1.0-5.6μm, similar to Na, Cl- and Si, suggesting that drop activation of crustal particles and sea salt could be an important source of NO3- in cloud water. The contrasting behavior of NO3- and SO42- is emphasized by the NO3-:SO42- mass concentration ratio which is highest in cloud water (by more than a factor of two) followed by above cloud aerosol, droplet residual particles, and below cloud aerosol. Trends of a decreasing NO3-:SO42- ratio with altitude in clouds are confirmed by parcel model studies due to the higher rate of in-cloud sulfate formation as compared to HNO3 uptake by droplets. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/81255
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; NOAA, ESRL/CSD, Boulder CO, United States; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Prabhakar G,, Ervens B,, Wang Z,et al. Sources of nitrate in stratocumulus cloud water: Airborne measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE and 2013 NiCE studies[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014-01-01,97