DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.076
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84906842397
论文题名: Impacts of anthropogenic emissions and cold air pools on urban to montane gradients of snowpack ion concentrations in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah
作者: Hall S ; J ; , Maurer G ; , Hoch S ; W ; , Taylor R ; , Bowling D ; R
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2014
卷: 98 起始页码: 231
结束页码: 241
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Inversion
; Montane
; Nitrogen deposition
; PM 2.5
; Snow chemistry
; Urban
Scopus关键词: Aerosols
; Atmospheric chemistry
; Concentration (process)
; Ions
; Lakes
; Landforms
; Meteorological instruments
; Nitrogen
; Snow
; Stream flow
; Air pollution
; Atmospheric temperature
; Ecosystems
; Fog
; Sea level
; Inversion
; Montane
; Nitrogen deposition
; Snow chemistry
; Urban
; Urban growth
; ammonia
; chloride
; ion
; nitric oxide
; nitrogen
; snow
; sodium
; anthropogenic effect
; atmospheric chemistry
; atmospheric pollution
; concentration (composition)
; particulate matter
; pollution monitoring
; snowpack
; urban area
; anthropogenic source
; cold air
; ecosystem function
; emission
; ion
; montane forest
; nitrogen compound
; precipitation (climatology)
; temperature effect
; urban pollution
; aerosol
; air pollution
; article
; cold air
; fog
; nitrogen deposition
; particulate matter
; precipitation
; priority journal
; sea level
; United States
; urban area
; wet deposition
; Article
; dry deposition
; environmental impact
; North America
; spatiotemporal analysis
; surface property
; Rocky Mountains
; Salt Lake City
; United States
; Utah
; Wasatch Range
; Wasatch Plateau
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Urban montane valleys are often characterized by periodic wintertime temperature inversions (cold air pools) that increase atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, potentially stimulating the deposition of major ions to these snow-covered ecosystems. We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of ion concentrations in snow across urban to montane gradients in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and the adjacent Wasatch Mountains during January 2011, a period of several persistent cold air pools. Ion concentrations in fresh snow samples were greatest in urban sites, and were lower by factors of 4-130 in a remote high-elevation montane site. Adjacent undeveloped canyons experienced significant incursions of particulate-rich urban air during stable atmospheric conditions, where snow ion concentrations were lower but not significantly different from urban sites. Surface snow ion concentrations on elevation transects in and adjacent to Salt Lake City varied with temporal and spatial trends in aerosol concentrations, increasing following exposure to particulate-rich air as cold air pools developed, and peaking at intermediate elevations (1500-1600m above sea level, or 200-300m above the valley floor). Elevation trends in ion concentrations, especially NH4+ and NO3-, corresponded with patterns of aerosol exposure inferred from laser ceilometer data, suggesting that high particulate matter concentrations stimulated fog or dry ion deposition to snow-covered surfaces at the top of the cold air pools. Fog/dry deposition inputs were similar to wet deposition at mid-elevation montane sites, but appeared negligible at lower and higher-elevation sites. Overall, snow ion concentrations in our urban and adjacent montane sites exceeded many values reported from urban precipitation in North America, and greatly exceeded those reported for remote snowpacks. Sodium, Cl-, NH4+, and NO3- concentrations in fresh snow were high relative to previously measured urban precipitation, with means of 120, 117, 42, and 39μeql-1, respectively. After exposure to atmospheric particulate matter during cold pool events, surface snow concentrations peaked at 2500, 3600, 93, and 90μeql-1 for these ions. Median nitrogen (N) deposition in fresh urban snow samples measured 0.8kgNha-1 during January 2011, with similar fog/dry deposition inputs at mid-elevation montane sites. Wintertime anthropogenic air pollution represents a significant source of ions to snow-covered ecosystems proximate to urban montane areas, with important implications for ecosystem function. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/81294
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, United States; Department of Biology, University of Utah, United States; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, United States; Energy and Geoscience Institute, University of Utah, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, United States
Recommended Citation:
Hall S,J,, Maurer G,et al. Impacts of anthropogenic emissions and cold air pools on urban to montane gradients of snowpack ion concentrations in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014-01-01,98